List of government-owned companies

This is a non-exhaustive world-wide list of government-owned companies. The paragraph that follows was paraphrased from a 1996 GAO report which investigated only the 20th-century American experience. The GAO report did not consider the potential use in the international forum of SOEs as extensions of a nation's foreign policy utensils. A government-owned corporation is a legal entity that undertakes commercial activities on behalf of an owner government. Their legal status varies from being a part of government to stock companies with a state as a regular stockholder. There is no standard definition of a government-owned corporation (GOC) or state-owned enterprise (SOE), although the two terms can be used interchangeably. The defining characteristics are that they have a distinct legal form and that they are established to operate in commercial affairs. While they may also have public policy objectives, GOCs should be differentiated from other forms of government agencies or state entities established to pursue purely non-financial objectives.[1]

Afghanistan

In 2009, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan formed the Afghan Public Protection Force (APPF) as a "state owned enterprise" subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior. By presidential decree, the APPF is mandated to replace all non-diplomatic private security companies by 20 March 2013 to become the sole provider of pay-for-service security contracts within Afghanistan.[2]

Albania

Air Albania (51%; 49% Turkish Airlines)
Albgaz
KESH
OSHEE
Posta Shqiptare

Algeria

Air Algérie
Anesrif
Agence algérienne pour le rayonnement culturel
Agence nationale des autoroutes
Agence nationale pour la promotion et la rationalisation de l'utilisation de l'énergie
Algérie Télécom
Algérie Poste
Entreprise Métro d’Alger
Entreprise de transport algérien par câbles
Entreprise de transport urbain et suburbain d'Alger
Groupe Cosider
TRANSTEV
GCB (entreprise)

Argentina

Administración de Infraestructura Ferroviaria
Aerolíneas Argentinas
Aguas y Saneamientos Argentinos
Astilleros DOMECQ GARCÍA
Astilleros TANDANOR
Austral Líneas Aéreas - Cielos del Sur
Banco de Inversiones y Comercio Exterior
Banco de la Nación Argentina
Banco Hipotecario
Casa de la Moneda
Combustibles Nucleares Argentinos CONUARSA
Compañía Nacional del Mercado Mayorista de Electricidad CAMMESA
Construcción de Viviendas de la Armada COVIARA

Australia

Defence Housing Australia
Australian Rail Track Corporation
Snowy Hydro
Red Energy
Australian Submarine Corporation
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Special Broadcasting Service
NBN Co
Western Sydney Airport
Clean Energy Finance Corporation
Australia Post
Tourism Tasmania

Austria

ÖBB (national railway system of Austria, administrator of Liechtenstein's railways)
ASFINAG (Autobahn and highway financing, building, maintaining and administration)
Hypo Alpe-Adria-Bank International: Austria nationalised this bank in 2009, and in 2014 its then-Chancellor feared its insolvency might have a similar effect to the Creditanstalt event of 1931.[3]
Verbund 51% SOE (electricity generator and provider)
Volksbank 43.3% SOE (retail banking group, with additional operations in Hungary, Romania and Malta)
ORF: funded from television licence fee revenue, dominant player in the Austrian broadcast media
Österreichische Industrieholding (ÖIAG): Austrian industry-holding stock corporation for partially or entirely nationalized companies, as of 2005:

Azerbaijan

Bangladesh

Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation
Bangladesh Submarine Cable Company Limited
Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited
Gas Transmission Company Limited
Karnaphuli Paper Mills
Petrobangla
Biman Bangladesh Airlines
Bangladesh Bank
Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation

Belgium

The Region of Wallonia owns:

Belfius (100%)
Belgischer Rundfunk
Bpost
Brussels Airport (25%)
Elia System Operator (5.37%)
(25%)
- (SFPI-FPIM)
Fluxys (2.1%)
Infrabel
National Railway Company of Belgium
National Bank of Belgium

Belize

National Bank of Belize

Bolivia

Agencia Boliviana Espacial
Corporación Minera de Bolivia and subsidiaries
Corporación de las Fuerzas Armadas para el Desarrollo Nacional and most subsidiaries
Empresa Boliviana de Alimentos y Derivados
Empresa Boliviana de Industrialización de Hidrocarburos
Empresa de Apoyo a la Producción de Alimentos
Empresa Estatal de Televisión Bolivia TV
Empresa Estratégica Boliviana de Construcción y Conservación de Infraestructura Civil
Empresa Estratégica de Producción de Abonos y Fertilizantes
Empresa Estratégica de Producción de Semillas
Empresa Nacional de Electricidad (central)
Empresa Pública Nacional Estratégica Boliviana de Aviación

Brazil

State-owned enterprises are divided into public enterprises (empresa pública) and mixed-economy companies (sociedade de economia mista). The public enterprises are subdivided into two categories: individual – with its own assets and capital owned by the Union – and plural companies – whose assets are owned by multiple government agencies and the Union, which have the majority of the voting interest. Caixa Econômica Federal, Correios, Embrapa and BNDES and are examples of public enterprises. Mixed-economy companies are enterprises with the majority of stocks owned by the government, but that also have stocks owned by the private sector and usually have their shares traded on stock exchanges. Banco do Brasil, Petrobras, Sabesp, and Eletrobras are examples of mixed-economy companies.

Beginning in the 1990s, the central government of Brazil launched a privatization program inspired by the Washington Consensus. State-owned enterprises such as Vale do Rio Doce, Telebrás

Brunei

Brunei Investment Agency
Radio Television Brunei

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Energy Holding
State Enterprise "Radioactive Waste" (DP RAO)
Bulgarian Posts
Bulgarian State Railways
LB Bulgaricum
National Railway Infrastructure Company
Kintex
Sofia Airport
Plovdiv Airport
Port of Varna EАD
Port Burgas EАD
Bulgarian Maritime Training Centre
Bulgarian National Television

Canada

In Canada, state-owned corporations are referred to as Crown corporations, indicating that an organization is established by law, owned by the sovereign (either in right of Canada or a province), and overseen by parliament and cabinet. Examples of federal Crown corporations include:

Ministers of the Crown often control the shares in such public corporations, while parliament both sets out the laws that create and bind Crown corporations and sets their annual budgets.

Foreign SOEs are welcome to invest in Canada: in fall 2013, British Columbia[5][6] and Alberta[7][8][9] signed agreements overseas to promote foreign direct investment in Canada. The Investment Canada Act

Chile

ASMAR
BancoEstado
Casa de Moneda de Chile
Cimm (Centro de Investigación Minera y Metalúrgica)
Cimm Tecnologías y Servicios S.A.
Comercializadora de Trigo S.A.
Codelco (Corporación Nacional del Cobre de Chile)
Econssa Chile S.A.
CorreosChile
EFE
Empresa de Servicios Sanitarios Lago Peñuelas S.A.
Metro S.A.
ENAER

China

After 1949, all business entities in the People's Republic of China were created and owned by the government. In the late 1980s, the government began to reform the state-owned enterprise, and during the 1990s and 2000s, many mid-sized and small sized state-owned enterprises were privatized and went public. There are a number of different corporate forms which result in a mixture of public and private capital. In PRC terminology, a state-owned enterprise refers to a particular corporate form, which is increasingly being replaced by the listed company. Some of the largest state-owned enterprises have been floated on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, but in actuality, the state maintains total control of these corporations, always holding majority interest and voting rights. State-owned enterprises are mostly governed by both local governments' SASAC and, in the central government, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) of the State Council. However, some state-owned enterprise were governed by China Investment Corporation (and its domestic arm Central Huijin Investment), as well as under the governance of Ministry of Education for the university-run enterprises, or some financial institutes that were under the governance of the Ministry of Finance.

As of 2011, 35% of business activity and 43% of profits in the People's Republic of China resulted from companies in which the state owned a majority interest. Critics, such as The New York Times, have alleged that China's state-owned companies are a vehicle for corruption by the families of ruling party leaders who have sometimes amassed fortunes while managing them.[11]

Colombia

Ecopetrol
Empresas Públicas de Medellín
ETB
Las Ceibas - Empresas Públicas de Neiva E.S.P
INDUMIL
COTECMAR
RTVC Sistema de Medios Públicos

Cuba

Empresa de Telecomunicaciones de Cuba S.A.
Union de Industrias Militares
Cuban Institute of Radio and Television
Central Bank of Cuba

Czech Republic

Denmark

Municipal

Banedanmark
Danske Spil
DR
DSB
Energinet.dk
Ørsted (50.1%)
PostNord Danmark

Aarhus Vand A/S
Kalundborg Forsyning A/S
Middelgrunden offshore electricity generation wind farm
Samsø offshore electricity generation wind farm and district heating plants
Vandcenter Syd as

East Timor

Bee Timor Leste
Eletricidade de Timor-Leste
Hotel Timor
Radio-Televisão Timor Leste
Tatoli
Timor GAP
Timor Telecom

Ecuador

Ecuadorian Naval Shipyards ASTINAVE EP
Banking for Rural and Urban Productive Development BANECUADOR BP
Development Bank of Ecuador BDE
Pacific Bank BDP (currently on sale)
Electricity Corporation of Ecuador CELEC EP
National Electricity Corporation CNEL EP
National Telecommunications Corporation CNT EP (currently on sale)
Ecuadorian Railways (defunct)
Post Office of Ecuador CDE
EMELNORTE SA
Regional Electric Company Ambato Centro Norte SA EEASA
Electric Company Azogues CA EEA
Electric Company CENTROSUR
Electric Company Provincial Cotopaxi SA EEPC
Galápagos Provincial Electric Company EEPG
Quito Electric Company EEQ

Egypt

Transportation

Egyptian Holding Company for Airports and Air Navigation (EHCAAN)
EgyptAir
Egyptian National Railways (ENR)
Suez Canal Authority
Alexandria Shipyard
Superjet Lines

Media & Communication

Finland

France

Gabon

Société Nationale Petrolière Gabonaise

Germany

Ghana

Ghana National Petroleum Corporation
Ghana Oil Company
Volta River Authority
Electricity Company of Ghana
Cocoa Processing Company Limited
Ghana Water Company Limited

Greenland

Greenland Airport Authority

Hungary

India

In India, state-owned enterprise is termed a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) or a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE). These companies are owned by the Union Government, or one of the many state or territorial governments, or both. The company equity needs to be majority owned by the government to be a PSU. Below are some Examples.

Life Insurance Corporation of India
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
Engineers India Limited
India Trade Promotion Organization
GAIL
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
BSNL
Food Corporation of India

Indonesia

Iran

Iran Air
National Iranian Oil Company
National Iranian Gas Company
National Iranian Petrochemical Company
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting

Iraq

General Company for Ports of Iraq
Iraq National Oil Company
Iraqi Airways
Iraqi Post
Iraqi Republic Railways
Iraqi Telecommunications and Post Company
Defence Industries Commission

Ireland

Bank of Ireland (15%)

Israel

Amidar
Israel Aerospace Industries
Israel Aerospace Industries Tamam Division
Israel Airports Authority
Israel Broadcasting Authority (including Israel Radio)
Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation
Israel Electric Corporation
Israel Port Authority
Israel Postal Company

Italy

Companies owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finances:

Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. in a.s. (49,90%)
ANAS S.p.A. (100%)
ARCUS S.p.A. (100%)
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti S.p.A. (70%)
Fintecna S.p.A. (100%)
CDP Reti
Cinecittà Luce S.p.A. (100%)
Coni Servizi S.p.A. (100%)
Consap S.p.A. (100%)
Consip S.p.A. (100%)

Japan

State-owned enterprises in Japan are commonly divided into tokushu hōjin (ja:特殊法人) and tokushu gaisha (ja:特殊会社). Tokushu hōjin are the Japanese equivalent to statutory corporations; tokushu gaisha are kabushiki gaisha owned wholly or majorly by the government.

Japan Post was reorganized into Japan Post Group in 2007 as a material step of the Japanese postal service privatization. It ceased to be wholly owned by the government on November 4, 2015 when the government listed 11% of its holdings on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Parts of the Japan Railways Group (JR) were formerly owned by the government. J-Power was also state-owned before being privatized.

Tokushu hōjin

NHK
Japan Racing Association

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Parastatals in Kenya, partly from a lack of expertise and endemic corruption, have largely inhibited economic development. In 1979, a presidential commission went as far as saying that they constituted "a serious threat to the economy", and, by 1989, they had still not furthered industrialization or fostered the development of a Black business class.[13]

Several Kenyan SOEs have been privatized since the 1980s, with mixed results.[14][15]

Kuwait

South Korea

There are many state-owned enterprises in South Korea.

Educational Broadcasting System
Incheon International Airport
Korail
Korea Electric Power Corporation
Korea Land and Housing Corporation
Korea National Oil Corporation
Korean Broadcasting System
Seoul Metro
Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation

Latvia

VAS Latvijas Pasts - 100% owned by the Ministry of Transport
AS Latvian State Forests (Latvijas Valsts meži) - 100% owned by the Ministry of Agriculture
VAS Latvian Railways (Latvijas dzelzceļš) - 100% owned by the Ministry of Transport
AS Latvenergo - 100% owned by the Ministry of Economics
VSIA Latvian Television
VSIA Latvian Radio
AS Air Baltic Corporation - 80.05% owned by the Ministry of Transport
VSIA Latvian National Opera and Ballet
VSIA Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital

Libya

Lithuania

Lietuvos paštas
Lithuanian Mint
Lithuanian National Radio and Television
Lithuanian Railways

Luxembourg

Madagascar

Air Madagascar
Jirama
Télévision Malagasy

Malaysia

1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB)
Agro Bank Malaysia
Bank Simpanan Nasional (BSN)
Indah Water Konsortium (IWK)
Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM)
Khazanah Nasional
Malaysia Airlines Berhad (MAB)
Malaysia Rail Link Sdn Bhd (MRL)
Mass Rapid Transit Corporation (MRTC)
Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS)
Pos Malaysia

Mauritius

Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation

Mexico

Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares
Comisión Federal de Electricidad
Tren Interoceánico
Pemex
Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab
Sistema Público de Radiodifusión del Estado Mexicano
Aerolínea del Estado Mexicano

Namibia

Bank of Namibia
NamWater
Otavi Mining and Railway Company
TransNamib
Namibian Broadcasting Corporation

Netherlands

New Zealand

New Zealanders commonly refer to their state-owned enterprises as "SOEs", or as "crown entities". Local government councils and similar authorities also set up locally controlled enterprises, such as water-supply companies and "local-authority trading enterprises" (LATEs) as separate corporations or as business units of the councils concerned.

Government-owned businesses designated as crown entities include:

New Zealand's state-owned enterprises have included:

State-owned enterprises which have undergone privatisation and subsequent renationalisation:

Television New Zealand
Radio New Zealand
Crown Research Institutes

New Zealand Post
Kiwibank
Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited

Nigeria

Garden City Radio 89.9
Nigeria Social Insurance Trust Fund
Nigerian Coal Corporation
Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
Power Holding Company of Nigerianow privatize
Nigeria Ports Authority
Nigeria Broadcasting Corporation
Nigeria Railway Corporation
Nigeria Television Authority(NTA)
National Aviation Handling Company(NACHO)

North Korea

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Pakistan has a large list of government owned companies called State owned entities (SOEs). These played an important role in the development of the business and industry in Pakistan, but recently they are considered responsible for fiscal difficulties of the government due to corruption and bad governance. These SOEs, roughly 190 in number, operate in a wide range of economic areas including energy, communication, transport, shipping, trading, and banking & finance. Some of the most common examples of crown companies in Pakistan are Pakistan State Oil, Sui Northern Gas Pipelines, Pakistan International Airlines, and Pakistan Steel Mills.

Panama

Panama Canal

Philippines

In the Philippines, state-owned enterprises are known as government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs). They can range from the Social Security System (SSS) and the Philippine Coconut Authority with no counterparts in the private sector, to Land Bank of the Philippines, a wholly government-owned bank that competes with private banks. A number of GOCCs, especially those that were nationalized by Ferdinand Marcos during his time as the President of the Fourth Republic of the Philippines, were returned to the private sector by the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, as with Philippine Airlines (PAL), Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT), Philippine National Bank (PNB), and ABS-CBN Corporation (where the frequencies and facilities used by Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) were returned to ABS-CBN in 1986 and the ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center were fully recovered by ABS-CBN from People's Television Network (PTV) in 1992), or fully or partially privatized as with

Poland

Portugal

Águas de Portugal: (100%) water supplier and wastewater sanitation manager
IP: (100%) construction and management of railway and road infrastructure
CP: (100%) rail transport operator
NAV Portugal: (100%) air navigation service provider
idD Portugal Defence: (100%) state-owned holding, specialized in defense and development of technological systems
RTP: (100%) public service broadcasting
INCM: (100%) national mint and print office
Transtejo & Soflusa: (100%) ferry operator in the city of Lisbon
Metropolitano de Lisboa

Puerto Rico

Romania

The state of Romania owns a minority stake in:

Căile Ferate Române
Compania Nationala a Uraniului S.A. (100%)
Complexul Energetic Hunedoara S.A. (100%)
Complexul Energetic Oltenia S.A. (77.15%)
Conpet S.A. (58.72%)
Hidroelectrica (80%)
Loteria Română
Metrorex
National Company "Bucharest Airports" S.A. (Henri Coandă International Airport & Aurel Vlaicu International Airport)
Nuclearelectrica (82.5%)
Oil Terminal S.A. (59.62%)
Poșta Română (75%)

Russia

Saudi Arabia

The Saudi government owns or has significant stakes in a vast number of companies spanning various industries such as energy, banking, telecommunications, infrastructure, healthcare, and more. There are well over 150 government-owned or partially state-owned companies in Saudi Arabia, reflecting the government's strategic role in the economy. These companies are managed by government agencies, sovereign wealth funds like the Public Investment Fund (PIF), and other state-owned entities.

Some of the most prominent companies owned or controlled by the Saudi government include:

1) Saudi Aramco
2) Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC)
3) Saudi Telecom Company (STC)
4) Saudi Electric Company
5) Saudi Arabian Mining Company (Ma'aden)
6) Saudi National Bank (SNB)
7) Saudi Arabian Airlines (Saudia)

Serbia

Seychelles

Seychelles Marketing Board

Singapore

Government-linked corporations play a substantial role in Singapore's domestic economy. These GLCs are partially or fully owned by a state-owned investment company, Temasek Holdings. As of November 2011, the top six Singapore-listed GLCs accounted for about 17% of total capitalization of the Singapore Exchange (SGX). Notable GLCs include Singapore Airlines, SingTel, ST Engineering, and Mediacorp.[18]

Slovakia

Kremnica Mint
Radio and Television of Slovakia

Slovenia

Slovenia is an ex-Yugoslavian republic. As such, its economy was largely state-owned prior to dissolution of that federation. The state still owns many enterprises, such as the banks, which in turn own such businesses as supermarkets and newspapers.

Abanka, third largest bank
Nova KBM, second largest bank
Nova Ljubljanska banka, largest bank[19]
Radiotelevizija Slovenija

South Africa

Spain

Spain has thousands of public companies owned by the central, regional and local administrations. This is a short list of some of the most relevant at national level:

ADIF: (100%) construction and management of rail infrastructure
Renfe Operadora: (100%) rail transport
ENAIRE: (100%) state-owned holding, specialized in the commercial aviation sector; owner of the air navigation service provider and of 51% of AENA
Aena: (51% state-owned, 49% is being privatized): airport management
Navantia: (100%) shipbuilding
RTVE (100%) radio and television broadcasting
Correos: (100%) postal services, courier
Enagas

Sri Lanka

Sweden

There are two types. Government-owned companies are legally normal companies but mainly or fully national owned. They are expected to be funded by their sales. A big customer might be the government or a government agency. The other type is government agencies which might also do activities competing with private owned companies. They usually are funded by tax money but can also sell services. The government has tried to avoid having agencies doing commercial activities, by separating out areas that compete with private companies into government-owned companies, for example within road construction. The reason is both to avoid unfair competition, and a wish to have market economy instead of plan economy as much as possible. Based on the tradition of avoiding "ministerial rule", the government has avoided interfering with the business of the companies, and allowed them to go international.

Switzerland

Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette
Hotel Bellevue Palace
RUAG
Skyguide
Swiss Federal Railways
Swiss National Bank
Swiss Post
Swisscom
Verkehrsbetriebe Glattal
Swiss Broadcasting Corporation

Syria

Taiwan

Tanzania

The Government of Tanzania owns a number of commercial enterprises in the country via the Treasury Registrar. It wholly owns the following corporations unless indicated otherwise:[21]