Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is a British multinational aerospace and defence company incorporated in February 2011. The company owns Rolls-Royce, a business established in 1904 which today designs, manufactures and distributes power systems for aviation and other industries. Rolls-Royce is one of the world's largest manufacturers of aircraft engines and has major businesses in the marine propulsion and energy sectors.
Rolls-Royce was the world's 16th largest defence contractor in 2018 when measured by defence revenues.[3] The company is also the world's fourth largest commercial aircraft engine manufacturer, with a 12% market share as of 2020.[4]
Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is listed on the London Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. At the close of London trading on 11 February 2025, the company had a market capitalisation of £52.66bn, the 11th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange.[5]
The company's registered office is at Kings Place, near Kings Cross in London.[6]
History
Ownership
Rolls-Royce grew from the engineering business of Henry Royce, which was established in 1884 and ten years later began to manufacture dynamos and electric cranes. Charles Rolls established a separate business with Royce in 1904 because Royce had developed a range of cars which Rolls wanted to sell. A corporate owner was incorporated in 1906 with the name Rolls-Royce Limited.[7]
In 1971 the same company, Rolls-Royce Limited, entered voluntary liquidation because it was unable to meet its financial obligations. It remains in existence today, still in liquidation. Its business and assets were bought by the government using a company created for the purpose named Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited. Rolls-Royce Motors was separated out in 1973. Rolls-Royce (1971) Limited currently carries on the business under the name Rolls-Royce plc.[8]
Rolls-Royce plc returned to the stock market in 1987 under the government of Margaret Thatcher. In 2003 ownership of Rolls-Royce plc was passed to Rolls-Royce Group plc. In the same way, Rolls-Royce Group plc passed ownership on 23 May 2011 to Rolls-Royce Holdings plc.[9] Throughout these corporate changes Rolls-Royce plc has remained the principal trading company.[9][10]
Growth
The 1980s saw the introduction of a policy to offer an engine fitment on a much wider range of civil aircraft types, with the company's engines now powering 17 different airliners (and their variants) compared to General Electric's 14 and Pratt & Whitney's 10.[11]
The civil engines business represents the company's main area of growth. Between 2010 and 2018, Rolls-Royce invested £11 billion in facilities and R&D and launched six new civil engines including the Trent XWB and the Pearl 15 for the business aviation market. It secured orders for 2,700 engines for wide-body aircraft and business jets. It expects to produce over 600 wide-body engines a year and should power over half of the world's wide-body fleet within a few years, up from 22% a decade before.[12]
In 2023, Rolls-Royce entered into an agreement for $3.52 million of funding with the UK Space Agency for the creation of a nuclear reactor on the moon. The project is intended to provide power for space missions.[13]
Restructuring
In 2014 and 2015, Rolls-Royce issued at least four profit warnings due to US defence cuts, a downturn in the offshore oil and gas market and its civil aerospace business, the company initiated job cuts of over 3,000 in response.[14][15][16][17] Rolls-Royce had been selling many of its aero-engines in combination with long-term service contracts. Even though the company booked profits in part with the delivery of the engine, actual payments only came in over time. Between 2003 and 2015, it sold a majority of its engines with these “TotalCare” contracts.[18] The company announced it would no longer be able to move its revenues forward from its long-term service contracts to compensate for its contracts being unprofitable in the early stages after the introduction of IFRS 15 in 2018 and its profits for 2015 would have been £900m lower than the £1.4bn it reported if it had followed the new accounting standard.[19][20][21]
In February 2017, Rolls-Royce posted its largest ever pre-tax loss of £4.6 billion; This included a £4.4 billion writedown on financial hedges that the company uses to protect itself against currency fluctuations, and a £671 million penalty to settle bribery and corruption charges with the Serious Fraud Office (SFO), the US Department of Justice, and Brazilian authorities.[22]
On 14 June 2018, the company announced a restructuring of the business to create three simpler decentralised units (civil aerospace, defence and power systems), to rationalise back office functions and to remove middle management functions. The cost savings should amount to £400 million per year by 2020, with an up-front restructuring cost of £500 million. Some 4,600 people[23] are likely to leave the business out of 55,000 employed worldwide, 3,000 job losses from the UK and the rest from elsewhere in the world[24] (15,700 of the employees work in Derby and 10,300 work elsewhere in the United Kingdom).[25][26]
In August 2018, Rolls-Royce announced it was taking a charge of £554 million to cover faults with some Trent 1000 engines on Boeing 787 Dreamliners. Rather than going thousands of hours between inspections, the faults with turbine blades mean the engines currently require inspection every 300 hours of flight. In the same announcement Rolls-Royce, said it would spend £450m fixing faults on the Trent 1000 in 2018, £450m in 2019 and £350m in 2020, with the work complete by 2022.[27]
In May 2020, the company announced its intention to cut 20% of its workforce (approximately 9,000 staff) worldwide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[28][29] Around 3,000 job losses were expected in the UK, half of them in Derby.[30]
In February 2021, Rolls-Royce started talks concerning an operational shutdown of its civil aerospace unit that might last for two weeks due to the impact of Covid-19 and its restrictions.[31]
Rolls-Royce announced, in October 2023, that it would cut 2,500 jobs, or 6 per cent of its total workforce.[32]
Under CEO Tufan Erginbilgiç Rolls Royce has seen a remarkable turnaround. In July 2025 the share price hit £11 for the first time, from £1 three years ago. Rolls Royce is now the fifth largest company in the FTSE 100 index, valued at £90 billion. Midterm 2027 targets for operating profit were hit two years ahead of estimates, and a jump from £2.6-2.9 billion in 2025 to £3.6-£3.9 billion in 2028 is projected in terms of operating profit per annum. In July the estimates for operating profit for full year 2025 were uprated by £300 million.[33][34]
Senior leadership
Facilities
Testing
Rolls-Royce's £90 million Testbed 80 in Derby is the largest of its kind, sized for engines of up to 140,000 lbf of thrust.[39] Design started in 2017, construction began in 2018 and it was officially opened in 2021.[40] The 80,730 sqft facility is 426.5 ft long, has a 95 ft tall intake tower and a 123 ft tall exhaust stack. Built from 3,450 tons of steel and 27,000 m3 of concrete, it has a 49 by 49 ft tall and wide enclosed space and it can handle a 66 tons engine including its carrier.[39] The company completed its first engine run on the new test bed in July 2024.[41]
X-ray imaging allows to visualize the position of seals and clearances in real time while an engine is running. While it was retrofitted on Rolls' test bed 57, test bed 80 is the first to be purpose-designed for industrial radiography. To protect from external X-ray, 30 cm (11.8 in.) of lead, double walls are up to 8.9 ft. (2.7 m) thick (a 5.6-ft. interior wall and 3.3-ft. exterior wall) and provide acoustic insulation. Canadian prime contractor MDS Aero Support is responsible for design and management, test systems supply, engine adapters, support systems and data acquisition and control while construction is done by Buckingham Group Contracting.[39]
Acquisitions
In 1988, Rolls-Royce acquired Northern Engineering Industries (NEI), based in the North East of England, a group of heavy engineering companies mainly associated with electrical generation and power management. The group included Clarke Chapman (cranes), Reyrolle (now part of Siemens) and Parsons (now part of Siemens steam turbines). The company was renamed Rolls-Royce Industrial Power Group. It was sold off piecemeal over the next decade as the company re-focused on its core aero-engine operations following the recession of the early 1990s.[42]
On 21 November 1994, Rolls-Royce announced it had agreed terms to acquire the Allison Engine Company, an American manufacturer of gas turbines and components for aviation, industrial and marine engines.[43][44] The two companies had a technical association dating back to the Second World War. Rolls-Royce had previously tried to buy the company when General Motors sold it in 1993, but GM opted for a management buyout instead for $370 million. Owing to Allison's involvement in classified and export restricted technology, the 1994 acquisition was subject to investigation to determine the national security implications.[45] On 27 March 1995, the US Department of Defense announced that the "deal between Allison Engine Co. and Rolls-Royce does not endanger national security."[46] Rolls-Royce was, however, obliged to set up a proxy board to manage Allison and had also to set up a separate company, Allison Advanced Development Company, Inc., to manage classified programmes "that involve leading-edge technologies" such as the Joint Strike Fighter programme.[46] In 2000, this restriction was replaced by a more flexible Special Security Arrangement.[47] In 2001, Rolls-Royce and its LiftSystem was among the group that won the JSF contract for the F-35.[48]
The Allison acquisition, at $525 million,[44] brought four new engine types into the Rolls-Royce civil engine portfolio on seven platforms and several light aircraft applications. Allison is now known as Rolls-Royce North America.[49]
In 1999 Rolls-Royce acquired Vickers plc for its marine businesses.[50] The portion retained is now Vinters Engineering Limited. Rolls-Royce sold Vickers Defence Systems (the other major Vickers area of business) to Alvis plc in 2002.[51]
Rolls-Royce has established a leading position in the corporate and regional airline sector through the development of the Tay engine, the Allison acquisition and the consolidation of the BMW Rolls-Royce joint venture. In 1999, BMW Rolls-Royce was renamed Rolls-Royce Deutschland and became a 100% owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce plc.[52]
Optimized Systems and Solutions Limited (formerly known as Data Systems & Solutions) was founded in 1999 as a joint venture between Rolls-Royce plc and Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). In early 2006, SAIC exited the joint venture agreement, making Rolls-Royce plc the sole owner.[53]
In March 2011, Rolls-Royce and Daimler launched a $4.2 billion public tender offer for 100 per cent of the share capital of Tognum, the owner of MTU Friedrichshafen – a leading high-speed industrial and marine diesel engine manufacturer, which was completed using a 50:50 joint venture company.[54] Rolls-Royce and Daimler AG intend that the joint venture company, which also now incorporates Rolls-Royce's existing Bergen engine business, is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.[54]
Following the acquisition of Goodrich by United Technologies Corporation in July 2012, Rolls-Royce announced it would purchase Goodrich's 50% share of Aero Engine Controls to become wholly owned by Rolls-Royce.[55]
At the June 2019 Paris Air Show, Rolls-Royce announced its acquisition of Siemens' electric propulsion branch (while they are partners on the E-Fan X demonstrator), to be completed in late 2019, employing 180 in Germany and Hungary.[56]
- Northern Engineering Industries / broken up and sold
- Allison Engine Company
- Vickers/Vinters
- BMW joint venture / Rolls-Royce Deutschland
- SAIC joint venture / Optimized Systems and Solutions
- Tognum joint venture with Daimler / Rolls-Royce Power Systems Holding GmbH
- Aero Engine Controls / Rolls-Royce Controls and Data Services
Divestment
Energy gas turbine and compressor business
In May 2014, Rolls-Royce sold its energy gas turbine and compressor business to Siemens for £785 million.[57]
Commercial marine business
In July 2018, Rolls-Royce sold its commercial marine business to Kongsberg for £500 million.[58]
Nuclear services businesses
In September 2019, Rolls-Royce agreed to sell its civil nuclear services businesses in the U.S., Canada, Mondragon France, and Gateshead UK to the Westinghouse Electric Company for an undisclosed sum. These businesses had a revenue of $70 million and about 500 employees in 2018. Rolls-Royce is keeping its nuclear new build and small modular reactor (SMR) business in the UK.[59] In November 2020, the company announced plans to build up to 16 Rolls-Royce SMR nuclear plants across the UK, continuing its nuclear division operations.[60] In December 2020 Rolls-Royce announced it would sell other foreign parts of its civil nuclear instrumentation and control business to Framatome as part of its post-COVID recovery plan, completing the deal involving over 550 employees in November 2021.[61][62]
ITP Aero
In September 2022, Rolls-Royce sold ITP Aero to American private equity firm Bain Capital, SAPA Placencia and JB Capital for approximately €1.7 billion.[63]
Major sales
In 1996, Rolls-Royce and Airbus signed a memorandum of understanding, specifying the Trent 900 as the engine of choice for the then A3XX, now the Airbus A380.[64] However, the Engine Alliance GP7000 would ultimately also be offered as an option on the A380.[65]
In October 2006, Rolls-Royce suspended production of its Trent 900 engine because of delays by Airbus on the delivery of the A380 superjumbo. Rolls-Royce announced in October 2007 that production of the Trent 900 had been restarted after a twelve-month suspension caused by delays to the A380.[66]
In 2011, Rolls-Royce faced scrutiny after high profile incidents involving the Trent 900. One of the engines suffered a partial power loss during a Qantas flight in February 2011. This followed an incident in November 2010 in which an engine disintegrated in flight causing Qantas Flight 32 to make an emergency landing in Singapore.[67] The aircraft was extensively damaged and the airline grounded its fleet of A380s. The problem was traced to a fatigue crack in an oil pipe requiring the replacement of some engines and modifications to the design.[68] Trent-powered A380s operated by Lufthansa and Singapore Airlines were also affected. Qantas gradually returned its A380s to service over several months. In June 2011 the airline announced it had agreed to compensation of AU$95m (US$100m) from Rolls-Royce.[69]
On 17 April 2015, it was announced that Rolls-Royce had received its largest order to date worth £6.1bn ($9.2bn) to supply engines for 50 Emirates A380 planes.[70][71][72]
On 6 April 2004, Boeing announced that it had selected both Rolls-Royce and General Electric to power its new 787. Rolls-Royce submitted the Trent 1000, a further development of that series.[73]
In July 2006, Rolls-Royce reached an agreement to supply a new version of the Trent 1000 for the revised Airbus A350XWB jetliner. As of July 2015, over 1,500 engines of this type have been supplied to 40 customers.[74]
On the military side, Rolls-Royce, in co-operation with other European manufacturers, has been a major contractor for the RB199 which in several variants powers the Panavia Tornado, and also for the EJ200 engine for the Eurofighter Typhoon. Rolls-Royce has matured the Rolls-Royce LiftSystem invented by Lockheed Martin for the F-35 Lightning II to production level; The F-35 is planned to be produced in significant numbers.[75]
At the 2005 Paris Air Show, Rolls-Royce secured in excess of $1 billion worth of orders. The firm received $800m worth of orders from Air China to supply its 20 Airbus A330 jets.[76]
On 18 June 2007, Rolls-Royce announced at the 2007 Paris Air Show that it had signed a large contract with Qatar Airways for the Trent XWB to power 80 A350s on order from Airbus worth $5.6 billion at list prices.[77]
On 11 November 2007, Rolls-Royce announced at the Dubai Airshow that it had signed its largest ever contract with Emirates for Trent XWBs to power 50 A350-900 and 20 A350-1000 aircraft with 50 option rights. Due to be delivered from 2014, the order is potentially worth up to 8.4 billion US Dollars at list prices.[78]
On 20 November 2007, Rolls-Royce announced plans to build its first Asian aero engine facility in the Seletar Aerospace Park, Singapore.[79] The $562m (£355m) plant complements its existing facility at Derby by concentrating on the assembly and testing of large civil engines, including Trent 1000 and Trent XWB. Productivity will be higher than at Derby, as the plant is fully integrated, as opposed to manufacturing occurring across five sites in the UK: a Trent 900 will take only 14 days to manufacture, as opposed to 20 in the UK. Originally expected to provide employment for 330 people,[80] by the start of production in 2012, 1,600 employees were based in Singapore.[81]
In May 2012, Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations won a Ministry of Defence contract worth more than £400 million for the integration of the reactor design, the PWR3, for UK's next generation nuclear-armed submarines.[82] In March 2023, Rolls-Royce announced that Rolls-Royce Submarines Limited will provide nuclear reactors for the SSN-AUKUS class of submarines for both the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy.[83] To support the SSN-AUKUS programme, Rolls-Royce announced it would double the size of the Rolls-Royce Submarines LTD site in Raynesway, Derby creating 1,170 jobs in the process[84]
- Airbus A380
- Boeing 787
- Airbus A350XWB
- Panavia Tornado, Eurofighter Typhoon and Lightning II
- Air China
- Qatar Airways
- Emirates airlines
- Nuclear submarines
Corruption allegations
Rolls-Royce has been accused numerous times of corrupt practices and bribery.
In 2014, facing allegations of bribery in the aftermath of the Sudhir Choudhrie affair, Rolls-Royce offered to return money to the Indian government.[85] The Serious Fraud Office (SFO) also investigated allegations of bribery in Indonesia and China.[86]
In February 2015 Rolls-Royce was accused of bribing an employee of Brazil's state-controlled oil company to win a $100 million contract to provide gas turbines for oil platforms.[87]
In October 2016 a joint Guardian and BBC investigation alleged widespread corruption by Rolls-Royce through middlemen in foreign countries including Brazil, India, China, Indonesia, South Africa, Angola, Iraq, Iran, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia. Rolls-Royce became subject to a major SFO investigation.[88]
Alleged defects
In 2013 media reported allegations from two American ex-employees that thousands of the company's new jet engines were assembled with used parts.[89]
Settlement with SFO
In January 2017 Rolls-Royce came to an agreement with the SFO to pay £671 million under a deferred prosecution agreement to avoid prosecution for bribery to obtain export contracts.[90][91] As part of this agreement, a $170 million fine was paid to US authorities to end a bribery investigation,[92] and $25 million to the Brazilian authorities.[90]
Subsequent to the settlement, Private Eye reported that some of Rolls-Royce's contracts under the scope of the SFO investigation had been supported by the British government's UK Export Finance department, using taxpayers' money. The government department underwrote multimillion-pound liabilities under Rolls-Royce contracts secured with the help of bribes and "facilitation" commissions. It has also been highlighted in the press that Rolls-Royce's auditor since 1995, KPMG, had failed to identify any corrupt practices throughout the 1990s and 2000s. This is notable considering judge Brian Leveson's statement that Rolls-Royce's offending was "multi-jurisdictional, numerous", "persistent and spanned from 1989 until 2013", and it "involved substantial funds being made available to fund bribe payments".[93]
Governance
As of August 2021 the board of directors consists of:[94]
- Sir Ian Davis, Chairman
- Warren East, Chief Executive
- Panos Kakoullis, Chief Financial Officer
- Paul Adams, Independent Non-Executive Director
- George Culmer, Independent Non-Executive Director
- Irene Dorner, Independent Non-Executive Director
- Anita Frew, Independent Non-Executive Director and Chair Designate
- Beverly Goulet, Independent Non-Executive Director
- Lee Hsien Yang, Independent Non-Executive Director
- Nick Luff, Independent Non-Executive Director
- Sir Kevin Smith, Senior Independent Director
- Dame Angela Strank, Independent Non-Executive Director
- Pamela Coles, Company Secretary and Chief Governance Officer
Products
Rolls-Royce's aerospace business makes commercial and military gas turbine engines for military, civil, and corporate aircraft customers worldwide. In the United States, the company makes engines for regional and corporate jets, helicopters, and turboprop aircraft. Rolls-Royce also constructs and installs power generation systems. Its core gas turbine technology has created one of the broadest product ranges of aero-engines in the world, with 50,000 engines in service with 500 airlines, 2,400 corporate and utility operators and more than 100 armed forces, powering both fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations (a subsidiary company) manufactures and tests nuclear reactors for Royal Naval submarines.[95]
Aerospace
In 2019, Rolls-Royce delivered 510 Trent powerplants, while 5,029 large engines were installed, including 32% Trent 700s.[96] For business jets, research and development in the market niches is a $2 billion annual investment, for a predicted market of 8,500 to 9,000 aircraft over the 2020 decade.[97]
Turbojets
- Rolls-Royce Avon
- Rolls-Royce Viper
- Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593
- Rolls-Royce RB162
Turbofans
- Eurojet EJ200
- General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136 (not developed)
- International Aero Engines V2500
- Rolls-Royce AE 3007
- Rolls-Royce BR700
- BR710
- BR715
- BR725
- F130
- Pearl 15
- Pearl 700
- Pearl 10X
- Rolls-Royce Conway
- Rolls-Royce RB211
- Rolls-Royce RB282 (not developed)
- Rolls-Royce Spey
- Rolls-Royce Tay
- Rolls-Royce Pegasus
- Rolls-Royce Trent
- First Trent 600
- Trent 700
- Trent 800
- Trent 8100
- Trent 500
- Trent 900
- Second Trent 600
- Trent 1000
- Trent 1500
- Trent XWB
- Trent 7000
- UltraFan
- Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca Adour
- Turbo-Union RB199
Turboshafts
Turboprops
- Europrop TP400-D6 (as part of Europrop International)
- Rolls-Royce AE 2100
- Rolls-Royce T56
Rocket engines
Turbojets
- Rolls-Royce Avon
- Rolls-Royce Viper
- Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus 593
- Rolls-Royce RB162
Turbofans
- Eurojet EJ200
- General Electric/Rolls-Royce F136 (not developed)
- International Aero Engines V2500
- Rolls-Royce AE 3007
- Rolls-Royce BR700
- BR710
- BR715
- BR725
- F130
- Pearl 15
- Pearl 700
- Pearl 10X
- Rolls-Royce Conway
- Rolls-Royce RB211
- Rolls-Royce RB282 (not developed)
- Rolls-Royce Spey
- Rolls-Royce Tay
- Rolls-Royce Pegasus
- Rolls-Royce Trent
- First Trent 600
- Trent 700
- Trent 800
- Trent 8100
- Trent 500
- Trent 900
- Second Trent 600
- Trent 1000
- Trent 1500
- Trent XWB
- Trent 7000
- UltraFan
- Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca Adour
- Turbo-Union RB199
Turboshafts
Turboprops
- Europrop TP400-D6 (as part of Europrop International)
- Rolls-Royce AE 2100
- Rolls-Royce T56
Rocket engines
Marine
Gas turbines
- AG9140
- MT7
- MT30
- Rolls Royce RR4500
- Spey SM1A and improved SM1C
- Olympus TM1, TM1A and improved TM3B
- Tyne RM1A and improved RM1C
- WR-21
Propulsion
- Kamewa and Bird-Johnson Waterjets
- Kamewa Tunnel thruster
- MerMaid pod propulsion
- Ulstein Aquamaster Azimuth thruster
- Rolls-Royce MTU Engines
Submarine
- Nato Submarine Rescue System
- PWR1 reactor
- PWR2 reactor
- PWR3 reactor
- Zebra (battery)
Stabilisers
- Brown Brothers Legacy Stabilizers
- Brown Brothers Neptune or VM Stabilizers
- Brown Brothers Aquarius Stabilizers
Gas turbines
- AG9140
- MT7
- MT30
- Rolls Royce RR4500
- Spey SM1A and improved SM1C
- Olympus TM1, TM1A and improved TM3B
- Tyne RM1A and improved RM1C
- WR-21
Propulsion
- Kamewa and Bird-Johnson Waterjets
- Kamewa Tunnel thruster
- MerMaid pod propulsion
- Ulstein Aquamaster Azimuth thruster
- Rolls-Royce MTU Engines
Submarine
- Nato Submarine Rescue System
- PWR1 reactor
- PWR2 reactor
- PWR3 reactor
- Zebra (battery)
Stabilisers
- Brown Brothers Legacy Stabilizers
- Brown Brothers Neptune or VM Stabilizers
- Brown Brothers Aquarius Stabilizers
See also
- Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
- GE Aerospace, competing engine manufacturer
- Pratt & Whitney, competing engine manufacturer
- Power by the Hour
- Survivable Airborne Operations Center
External links
References
- Preliminary Results 2025 Rolls-Royce, retrieved 26 February 2026^
- Rest of the World Rolls-Royce, retrieved 9 February 2025^
- Defense News Top 100 for 2018 Defense News, retrieved 20 March 2019^
- Market share of the leading commercial aircraft engine manufacturers worldwide in 2020 Statista, May 2021, retrieved 22 November 2023^
- FTSE 100 : The latest Index price detail and constituents www.sharecast.com, retrieved 29 August 2020^
- Legal Information Rolls-Royce, retrieved 13 April 2020^
- Rolls-Royce Limited History motor-car, retrieved 11 April 2017^
- Rolls-Royce plc Companies House, retrieved 11 April 2017^
- Rolls-Royce Holdings plc, Annual Report 2011 accessed 27 January 2017^
- ;Companies with shares available to the general public * 1906 company, '''Rolls-Royce Limited'''. Its shares became more or less valueless in 1971 and their price sank as low as a penny from a high of £1.25. :By the time the liquidation was effectively complete those shareholders had received more than £0.60 per share from the liquidation and they may have bought them for around a penny. * 1971 company, floated as '''Rolls-Royce plc''' still owns the principal business but itself was sold to the new holding company in 2003 * 2003 company floated as '''Rolls-Royce Group plc''' bought the 1971 company * 2011 company floated as '''Rolls-Royce Holdings plc''' bought the 1971 company from the 2003 company^
- Rolls-Royce delivers the first Trent aero engine produced in Singapore Rolls-Royce, retrieved 11 April 2017^
- Rolls-Royce confirms fundamental restructuring Rolls-Royce, 14 June 2018, retrieved 16 June 2018^
- Anmar Frangoul. UK backs Rolls-Royce project to build a nuclear reactor on the moon CNBC, 18 March 2023, retrieved 18 March 2023^
- Nils Pratley. Rolls-Royce chief executive John Rishton surprises by stepping down The Guardian, 22 April 2015, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Julia Kollewe. Rolls-Royce shares tumble after profit warning The Guardian, 17 October 2014, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Sean Farrell. Rolls-Royce warns defence cuts to take toll on 2014 revenues and profits The Guardian, 13 February 2014, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Sean Farrell. Rolls-Royce issues profit warning as new CEO takes the helm The Guardian, 6 July 2015, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Nina Trentmann. New Rolls-Royce CFO Faces Tricky Accounting WSJ, 22 September 2016, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Amy Austin. Rolls-Royce reveals adopting IFRS 15 would have cost £900m www.accountancydaily.co, Accountancy Daily, 16 November 2016, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- IFRS 15 – the Rolls-Royce of standards, especially if you actually happen to be Rolls-Royce! (17 May 2017) John Hughes IFRS Blog, 16 May 2017, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Harry Yorke. Rolls-Royce faces uncertainty over new profit reporting standards The Telegraph, 16 November 2016, retrieved 23 February 2023^
- Graham Ruddick. Rolls-Royce posts biggest loss in its history The Guardian, 14 February 2017, retrieved 5 March 2019^
- Dominic Walsh. Rolls-Royce to tell City about 4,000 manager job cuts The Times, 11 June 2018, retrieved 12 June 2018^
- Julia Kollewe. Rolls-Royce to cut 3,000 jobs in UK | Business The Guardian, retrieved 30 June 2018^
- Christopher Jasper. Rolls-Royce 787 Engine Woes Widen as Thousands of Job Cuts Loom 11 June 2018, retrieved 11 June 2018^
- Sarah Young. Rolls-Royce cuts 4,600 jobs at 'pivotal moment' for business Reuters, 14 June 2018, retrieved 16 June 2018^
- Rolls-Royce profits hit by engine faults BBC News, 2 August 2018, retrieved 5 March 2019^
- Peggy Hollinger, Phillip Georgiadis. Rolls-Royce to cut 9,000 jobs to prepare for years of disruption Financial Times, retrieved 20 May 2020^
- Robbie Hill. Rolls-Royce to cut 9,000 jobs due to COVID-19 retrieved 21 May 2020^
- Rolls-Royce confirms 3,000 job cuts across the UK BBC News, 3 June 2020, retrieved 4 June 2020^
- Rolls-Royce plans two-week shutdown of civil aerospace business Reuters, 7 February 2021, retrieved 7 February 2021^
- Jasper Jolly. Rolls-Royce 'to cut up to 2,500 jobs across its business' The Guardian, 16 October 2023, retrieved 18 October 2023^
- Nils Pratley. Rolls-Royce hits turbo speed. Now keep going for a decade The Guardian, 2025-07-31, retrieved 2025-08-25^
- Nils Pratley. Rolls-Royce’s recovery is stunning: from basket case to No 8 in the Footsie The Guardian, 2025-02-27, retrieved 2025-08-25^
- Sylvia Pfeifer. Anita Frew to become first female chair at Rolls-Royce FT, 9 June 2021^
- Rolls-Royce names Tufan Erginbilgic as chief executive The Guardian, 26 July 2022^
- Rolls-Royce Appoint Ian Davis Chairman Marine Link, 15 February 2013^
- Tanya Powley. Timeline: John Rishton's reign at Rolls-Royce FT, 22 April 2015^
- Guy Norris. Rolls' Test Site For 140,000-lb.-thrust On Track For UltraFan in 2021 Aviation Week & Space Technology, 10 May 2019^
- Rolls-Royce officially opens Testbed 80 engine testing facility Aerospace Testing International, retrieved 30 September 2025^
- Rolls-Royce completes first engine run on Testbed 80 Aerospace Global News, retrieved 15 August 2024^
- The crane makers NZR Cranes, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Rolls buys Allison Australian Aviation issue 104 March 1995 page 58^
- Lazonick, William & Prencipe, Andrea. "Sustaining the Innovation Process: The Case of Rolls-Royce plc" page 18. Retrieved 18 September 2010. Archive^
- Ashbourne, Alex. Opening the US Defence Market Centre for European Reform page 6, October 2000. Retrieved 18 September 2010.^
- DoD is satisfied that deal between Allison Engine Co. and Rolls Royce does not endanger national security United States Department of Defense 27 March 1995. Retrieved 3 October 2012. Archived on 14 October 2013.^
- Lorell et al Going Global? page 175, RAND Corporation, 2002. Retrieved 18 September 2010. Archive^
- Bolkcom, Christopher. JSF: Background, Status, and Issues page CRS-4, dtic.mil, 16 June 2003. Retrieved 18 September 2010. Archive^
- Rolls-Royce celebrates centennial of Indianapolis operations Rolls-Royce, retrieved 11 April 2017^
- Rolls-Royce to Buy Vickers for $933 Million The New York Times, 21 September 1999, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Alvis leads in UK tank race BBC, 2 August 2002, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Rolls-Royce Deutschland EWMD, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Data Systems & Solutions expands aftermarket services with Coredata acquisition Coredata, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Sarah Arnott. Rolls-Royce and Daimler bid €3.2bn for Tognum The Independent, 10 March 2011, retrieved 10 March 2011^
- Rolls-Royce buys out Aero Engine Controls partner Goodrich 8 June 2012, retrieved 28 June 2015^
- Michael Gubisch. Siemens sells eAircraft business to Rolls-Royce FlightGlobal, 18 June 2019, retrieved 18 June 2019^
- Tasim Zahid. Rolls Royce sells energy gas turbine business to Siemens Reuters, 6 May 2014, retrieved 1 July 2017^
- Rolls-Royce Offloads Ailing Marine Arm to Norway's Kongsberg Bloomberg.com, Bloomberg, 6 July 2018, retrieved 29 March 2019^
- Westinghouse to buy Rolls-Royce services units World Nuclear News, 27 September 2019, retrieved 27 September 2019^
- Rolls Royce plans UK class of mini-nuclear plants 11 November 2020, retrieved 11 November 2020^
- Rolls-Royce sells its nuclear instrumentation business Nuclear Engineering International, 9 December 2020, retrieved 1 February 2021^
- Framatome completes purchase of Rolls Royce nuclear I&C business Nuclear Engineering International, 9 November 2021, retrieved 16 November 2021^
- Bain Capital, Sapa y JB Capital compran ITP Aero por 1.7 billones de euros Rolls-Royce.com, Infodefensa, 15 September 2022, retrieved 2 December 2022^
- A3XX programme gathers momentum as MoU is signed with Rolls-Royce FlightGlobal, 13 November 1996, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- GP7200 Takes to the Skies in First Flight Test GE Aviation, 7 December 2004^
- Rolls-Royce settles into a launch groove for A380 Flight International, 15 October 2007, retrieved 17 October 2007^
- Andrew Heasley. Rolls-Royce speaks out after more Qantas engine problems The Age, 3 March 2011, retrieved 9 March 2011^
- Trent 900 update Rolls-Royce, 12 November 2010, retrieved 23 November 2010^
- Qantas, Rolls-Royce settle over blast that grounded A380 fleet The (Montreal) Gazette, 22 June 2011, retrieved 22 June 2011^
- Emirates A380 Emirates, retrieved 4 April 2011^
- Rolls-Royce receives record £6bn engine order BBC News, 17 April 2015, retrieved 20 June 2018^
- Tony Osborne. Emirates Orders Trent 900 For Future A380s Aviation Week & Space Technology, 17 April 2015, retrieved 17 April 2015^
- Rolls confident on Dreamliner project Free Library, retrieved 17 March 2013^
- Derby's Rolls-Royce signs £340m engine support deal with Vietnam Airlines Derby Telegraph, retrieved 21 October 2015^
- Rolls-Royce welcomes green light on Joint Strike Fighter programme The Manufacturer, retrieved 17 March 2013^
- Air China at Paris Air Show BBC News, BBC, 20 July 2005, retrieved 13 July 2006^
- Rolls-Royce inks biggest-ever sale Flight International, 19 June 2007, retrieved 20 June 2007^
- Emirates places $8.4bn order for Rolls-Royce Trent XWB retrieved 14 November 2007^
- Channel NewsAsia retrieved 21 March 2015^
- News rolls-royce.com, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Saira Syed. Rolls-Royce gears up for Singapore production BBC News, 2 February 2012, retrieved 2 February 2012^
- Rolls-Royce BBC News, 22 May 2012, retrieved 24 May 2012^
- Nuclear reactors from Rolls-Royce to power Australian submarines www.rolls-royce.com, retrieved 2024-05-10^
- Rolls-Royce Submarines to create jobs and expand site in Derby www.rolls-royce.com, retrieved 2024-05-10^
- Rolls Royce to return to govt Rs 18 crore paid to commission agents The Times of India, 9 March 2014, retrieved 9 March 2014^
- Alistair Osborne. Rolls-Royce chief 'optimistic' over Siemens deal The Daily Telegraph, 1 May 2014, retrieved 5 May 2014^
- Report: Rolls Royce accused of bribing Petrobras for $100 million contract Petro Global News, retrieved 18 February 2015^
- Rolls-Royce middlemen may have used bribes to land major contracts The Guardian, 31 October 2016, retrieved 2 November 2016^
- Eirik Winsnes. Beskylder Rolls-Royce for å ha brukt skrapdeler i flymotorer E24, 6 July 2013, retrieved 21 March 2015^
- Rob Evans, David Pegg, Holly Watt. Rolls-Royce to pay £671m over bribery claims The Guardian, 17 January 2017, retrieved 17 January 2017^
- Rolls-Royce in £671m bribery settlement BBC News, 17 January 2017, retrieved 17 January 2017^
- U.S. says Rolls-Royce to pay $170 million as part of bribery settlement Reuters, 17 January 2017, retrieved 17 January 2017^
- Rolls of dishonour Private Eye, Pressdram Ltd, 27 January 2017^
- Leadership Rolls-Royce Holdings plc, retrieved 6 August 2021^
- Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Office of Nuclear Regulation, retrieved 10 March 2019^
- David Kaminski-Morrow. Rolls-Royce nears break-even delivery for A350-900 powerplant FlightGlobal, 28 February 2020^
- Kerry Lynch. Rolls-Royce Pearl 15 Marks Launch of New Engine Family AIN online, 28 May 2018, retrieved 28 May 2018^