Antony de Zuñiga[1] (November 8, 1932[2] – May 11, 2012), who worked primarily under the name Tony DeZuniga, was a Filipino comics artist and illustrator best known for his works for DC Comics.He co-created the fictional characters Jonah Hex and Black Orchid.
DeZuniga was the first Filipino comic book artist whose work was accepted by American publishers, paving the way for many other Filipino artists to enter the international comic book industry.[3][4]
Biography
Early life and career
DeZuniga was born in Manila, Philippines,[1] and began his comics career at the age of 16,[3] as a letterer for Liwayway, a Filipino weekly magazine whose contributors included comic book artists Alfredo Alcala and Nestor Redondo, who would later become his mentors.
He eventually received a Bachelor of Science degree in commercial art from the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines.In 1962, he came to the United States to study graphic design in New York City.He returned to his native country to work in advertising and to freelance for Filipino comics.[3]
When he returned to New York City in the late 1960s, DeZuniga entered the American comic book market under editor Joe Orlando at DC Comics, inking pencil art by Ric Estrada on a romance comics tale for Girls' Love Stories #153 (Aug. 1970).DeZuniga's U.S. debut as a penciler came with a self-inked horror story for House of Mystery #188 (Sept./Oct. 1970).[5]
DC and Marvel Comics
DeZuniga became a regular contributor at DC. With writer John Albano, he co-created the long-running western character Jonah Hex,[6] and with Sheldon Mayer the first Black Orchid.[7] DeZuniga served as an introduction to what would be a 1970s influx of Filipino artists to American comics, prompting Orlando and DC publisher Carmine Infantino to visit the Philippines in 1971 to scout talent.[8] Among the artists found there who would soon become mainstays of both DC and Marvel Comics were Alfredo Alcala, Alex Niño, Nestor Redondo, and Gerry Talaoc.[8] He was responsible for the discovery of artist Steve Gan and was Gan's United States art agent in charge of importing his artwork to Marvel from the Philippines.[9] DeZuniga inked John Buscema's penciled artwork for MGM's Marvelous Wizard of Oz (1975).This comics adaptation of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film was the first joint publishing venture between Marvel and DC Comics.[10]
DeZuniga relocated back to New York from the Philippines in 1977.[11] Around this time, DeZuniga formed Action Art Studio, which was a group of New York-based Filipino komiks artists who inked various Marvel Comics titles under the collective pseudonym of "The Tribe."Members included DeZuniga, Alfredo Alcala, and Rudy Nebres, among others.[12] DeZuniga worked for industry leaders Marvel and DC for 18 years.[5]
Upon retirement, DeZuniga began to do commissioned paintings and to teach art. His work has been the subject of at least one gallery exhibition.[17]
He returned to Jonah Hex with Jonah Hex: No Way Back, a graphic novel released to coincide with the Jonah Hex film.[18]
Personal life
DeZuniga was married three times. He and his wife Mary were co-owners of Action Art Studio in the mid-to-late 1970s.[12] His third wife was named Tina.
Illness and death
In April 2012, DeZuniga suffered a life-threatening stroke.[19] Doctors were able to save him, but numerous complications quickly arose.Both the Philippine and international comics community made an effort to raise funds for his treatment.[20] During Free Comic Book Day on May 5, 2012, Filipino comic book artists banded together and launched a sketch drive, T-shirt sale and auction to help raise funds.[21][22]
On May 11, 2012, at 1:25 a.m., DeZuniga died from the stroke having led to his subsequent brain damage and heart failure.[23]
Legacy
After DeZuniga's death, Marvel Comics issued a statement saying, "Tony DeZuniga stands as a historic figure in comics, a singular voice of his own making. His legacy will be seen and felt in the multitude of fans he leaves behind and the incredible body of work of which he remained justifiably proud to his final days."[24]
Elvira's House of Mystery #5 (over Dick Ayers pencils, 1986)
Forbidden Tales of Dark Mansion #7 (artist, 1972)
Ghosts #1-3, 40, 102 (full art); #99, 101, 103-104, 112 (inks over Mike R. Adams, Howard Bender, Greg LaRocque, Marc Silvestri and Mark Texeira pencils) (1971–81)
5.{{gcdb|type=credit|search= Tony+DeZuniga|title= Tony DeZuniga}}^
6.Michael McAvennie. DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle Dorling Kindersley, 2010^
7.McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 156: "Very little was known about the Black Orchid, even after writer Sheldon Mayer and artist Tony DeZuniga presented her so-called "origin issue" in Adventure Comics."^
21.Ringgenberg: "Filipino cartoonists pooled their talents on Free Comic Book Day in May to sell sketches and t-shirts to raise money for DeZuniga and his family."^
Power Pack #34 (over Louis Williams and Larry Alexander pencils, 1988)
Psi-Force #15, 19 (over Javier Saltares and Ron Lim pencils, 1988)
Punisher, vol. 2, #41 (among other inkers), Annual #1 (over Paris Cullins pencils, 1988–90)
The Punisher War Journal #21 (over Tod Smith pencils, 1990)
The Rampaging Hulk (Hulk) #6 (over Keith Pollard pencils); (Shanna the She-Devil) #9 (artist) (1978)
Red Sonja #15 (over John Buscema pencils, 1979)
Red Sonja, vol. 2, #1 (along with Ernie Colón, 1983)
Robocop (Magazine) #1 (over Javier Saltares and Alan Kupperberg pencils, 1987)
Savage Sword of Conan #1, 3, 181, 192-195 (artist); #5, 14, 26-27, 31-32, 38-46, 49-52, 56-58, 171, 177, 190 (inks over John Buscema, Neal Adams, Sal Buscema, Ernie Colón, Dave Hoover, Luke McDonnell and Mike Doherty) (1974–92)
Savage Tales (Ka-Zar) #6-8 (inks over John Buscema pencils); (Shanna the She-Devil) #9 (artist) (1975)
The Secret Defenders #15-17, 19-25 (over Jerry Decaire and Bill Wylie pencils, 1994–95)
