Smart (stylized in lowercase) is a Chinese-German automotive marque established in 1994. Smart Automobile Co., Ltd. is a joint venture established by Mercedes-Benz AG and Zhejiang Geely Holding Group in 2019 and aimed at producing Smart-badged cars in China to be marketed globally. The venture is headquartered in Ningbo.
Originally, Smart was known for producing microcars and subcompacts, primarily the Fortwo and Forfour, at Smartville in Hambach, Moselle, France and additionally at Renault's Revoz plant (Novo Mesto, Slovenia). Since its restructuring in 2019, the brand now produces small battery electric vehicles at a manufacturing plant in China, with distribution, marketing and aftersales activities in Europe handled by Smart Europe GmbH, which is headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany.
The marque was founded in 1994 by Micro Compact Car AG (MCC), a joint venture between SMH (makers of the Swatch brand of watches) and Daimler-Benz. MCC became a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler-Benz in 1998, and was subsequently renamed MCC smart GmbH, then smart GmbH. smart GmbH was then absorbed by DaimlerChrysler (later Daimler AG) in 2006, making smart a marque within the Mercedes-Benz Cars division.[6]
The name Smart derives from Swatch and Mercedes-Benz: "Swatch Mercedes ART".[7]
History
Origins
The design concept for the marque's automobiles began at Mercedes-Benz in the early 1970s to late 1980s. After brief backing by Volkswagen, the first model was released by Daimler-Benz in October 1998. Several variants on the original design have been introduced, with the original being the "City Coupé" that would be renamed the "ForTwo".[8]
In late 1982, the CEO of SMH, Nicolas Hayek, began developing an idea for a new car using the same type of manufacturing strategies and personalization features used to popularize Swatch watches. He believed that the automotive industry had ignored a sector of potential customers who wanted a small and stylish compact city car. This idea soon became known as the "Swatchmobile". Hayek's private company Hayek Engineering AG began designing the new car for SMH, with seating for two and a hybrid drivetrain. The name Smart was coined by Manfred Gotta.
While design of the car was proceeding, Hayek feared existing manufacturers would feel threatened by the Swatchmobile. Thus, rather than directly competing, he preferred to cooperate with another company in the automotive industry.
Leadership
- Andreas Renschler (1999–2004)
- Ulrich Walker (2005–2006)
- Annette Winkler (2010–2018)[18]
- Katrin Adt (2018–2019)[19]
- Tong Xiangbei (2020–present)[20]
Models
Apart from the original Smart Fortwo, a sporty Smart Roadster, a limited production of 2000 erstwhile concept Smart Crossblade and a supermini Smart Forfour were also offered. These have now been discontinued. There were also plans to introduce the French made cross-over based on the body of the ForFour and the AWD hardware of the Mercedes C-class with the name of Formore but industrialization of this was cancelled at the 11th hour (even as tooling was being installed in the assembly plant) due to unfavourable exchange rate swings and spending cutbacks driven by losses elsewhere within Smart.
Current
Former
Concept vehicles
- Tridion 4 (2001)
- Crosstown (2005)
- Formore (2005)
Marketing
Asia
Japan
First generation Smart models equipped with engine sizes smaller than 660 cc fit into the Kei car category of cars in Japan, and are eligible for a range of lower taxes. Recent models with a larger engine do not meet the Kei qualifications. An official version of the Smart Fortwo called the Smart K has been released to fit the Kei car category. English musician Steve Appleton is featured in a Smart TV commercial, running in Japan during 2010.
China
Smart was shown in April 2008, at the Beijing Auto Show. The Smart Fortwo started the pre-sales in October 2008 and the Smart vending machine road show in 12 cities from October 2008 to February 2009.
Smart is available in Hong Kong through an authorised dealer, Zung Fu Motors.[23]
Indonesia
Safety
The Smart Fortwo uses a very small front crumple zone. The second generation Smart Fortwo has been awarded 4 out of 5 stars in the Euro NCAP Adult Occupant Protection and 2 out of 4 stars in the Pedestrian protection test, but was not tested for Child Occupant Protection, as it has no rear seats.[48] The original Smart was awarded 3 out of 5 stars for Adult Occupant Protection.[49] In American tests using a five-star rating, Smart cars received a four-star safety rating for the driver from a front impact, and a five-star safety rating for the driver for a side impact.[50] It also received "Good" ratings for front and side crash protection in Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) tests.[51] However, in an April 2009 40 mph frontal offset crash test between a Fortwo and a Mercedes C-Class, "the Smart went air-borne and turned around 450 degrees" causing "extensive intrusion into the space around the dummy from head to feet". The IIHS rated the Smart Fortwo "Poor," noting that "Multiple injuries, including to the head, would be likely for a real-world driver of a smart in a similar collision."[52]
See also
- Baojun E200
- Renault Twizy
- Toyota iQ
Further reading
- Tom Warhol, Green Cars, smart car. New York, NY: Cavendish Square Publishing, 2010.
- Jürgen Zöllter, Willi Diez, smart: small car, big deal. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag, 2007.
External links
References
- https://media.smart.com/eu/dirk-adelmann-eu/#:~:text=Dirk%20Adelmann_CEO%20smart%20Europe,(Vertrieb%20der%20Zukunft%2C%20eng.^
- Management smart Automobile, retrieved 13 February 2022^
- Organisations smart Automobile, retrieved 13 February 2022^