Red Bull is a brand of energy drinks created and owned by the Austrian company Red Bull GmbH. It had a global market share of 13% in the energy drink market in 2023[7] and was the third most valuable soft drink brand in 2021, behind Coca-Cola and Pepsi.[8] Since its launch in 1987, more than 100 billion cans of Red Bull have been sold worldwide,[9] including over 13.9 billion in 2025.[10]
Originally available only in a single undistinguished flavour called Red Bull Energy Drink, the drink added numerous variants over time. Rather than following a traditional marketing approach, Red Bull has generated awareness and created a "brand myth"[11][12] through extreme sport events.[13]
Red Bull was derived from a similar drink called Krating Daeng which originated in Thailand and was introduced by Chaleo Yoovidhya.[14] While doing business in Thailand, Austrian entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz purchased a can of Krating Daeng and claimed it cured his jet lag. Mateschitz sought to create a partnership with Chaleo and formulated a product that would suit the tastes of Westerners, such as by carbonating the drink.[15] In 1984, the two founded Red Bull GmbH in Fuschl am See, Salzburg, Austria.[16]
History
In 1976, Thai entrepreneur Chaleo Yoovidhya introduced a drink called Krating Daeng in Thailand,[17] which means "red gaur" in English. It was popular among Thai truck drivers and labourers. While working for German manufacturer Blendax (later acquired by Procter & Gamble) in 1982, Dietrich Mateschitz travelled to Thailand and met Chaleo, owner of T.C. Pharmaceutical. During his visit, Mateschitz discovered that Krating Daeng helped cure his jet lag.[18] In 1984, Mateschitz co-founded Red Bull GmbH with Chaleo and turned it into an international brand. Each partner invested US$500,000 of savings to fund the company. Chaleo and Mateschitz each held a 49 percent share of the new company. They gave the remaining two percent to Chaleo's son, Chalerm
Ingredients
Depending on the country, Red Bull contains different amounts of caffeine, taurine, B vitamins (B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12), glucuronolactone[31] and simple sugars (sucrose and glucose) in a buffer solution of carbonated water, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate (substituted in some flavours with a trisodium citrate/citric acid buffer, each solution providing electrolytes).[32][33] To produce Red Bull Sugarfree, sucrose and glucose have been replaced by artificial sweeteners acesulfame K and aspartame or sucralose.[34]
Variants
Over the years, Red Bull has offered many variations of its drink, all based on the same formula, but differing in taste and colour.[40] Red Bull began offering variations of its drinks in 2003. A sugar-free version of the drink was introduced with a different flavour from the original, called Red Bull Sugarfree.[41] In 2012, Red Bull released Red Bull Total Zero, a variant with zero calories.[42] In 2018, the company released Red Bull Zero, a different sugar-free formulation designed to taste more like the original flavour.[43]
In 2009, Red Bull unveiled a highly concentrated variant of its drink called Red Bull Energy Shot,[44] supplied in 2 oz (60 ml) cans.[45]
Legal affairs
Regulatory approval
Authorities in France, Denmark, and Norway initially did not permit the sale of Red Bull.[51] As of 2021, it is on sale in all 27 member states of the European Union and 171 countries worldwide.[52][53] The French food safety agency was concerned about taurine; a Red Bull drink that did not contain taurine was introduced. The French refusal of market approval was challenged by the European Commission, and partially upheld by the European Court of Justice in 2004.[51] The French food safety agency relented in 2008 because it was unable to prove a definite health risk.[54]
External links
References
- Red Bull steht zu Rauch als Hauptabfüllpartner vorarlberg, 21 November 2010, retrieved 3 January 2021^
- Woojae Kim. Debunking the Effects of Taurine in Red Bull Energy Drink Nutrition Bytes, 2003, retrieved 18 March 2020^
- Woojae Kim. Debunking the Effects of Taurine in Red Bull Energy Drink Nutrition Bytes, 18 March 2003, retrieved 18 March 2020