Gazprom — BrandWiki

Gazprom

Overview

Gazprom PJSC

location country
native name	ПАО "Газпром"
native name lang	ru
type	State-owned company Public (PAO)
traded as	mcx: GAZP
foundation	August 8, 1989
location	Lakhta Center
location city	Saint Petersburg

key people	Viktor Zubkov (Chairman) Alexey Miller (CEO)

industry	Oil and gas

products	Petroleum Natural gas Petrochemicals

services	Gas pipeline transport

owner	Russian government (50.23%)

subsid	List of subsidiaries

homepage	gazprom.com

PJSC Gazprom (ПАО «Газпром») is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg.[1] The name is a contraction of the Russian words (газовая промышленность, gas industry). In January 2022, Gazprom displaced Sberbank from the first place in the list of the largest companies in Russia by market capitalization.[2] In 2023, the company's revenue amounted to 8.5 trillion rubles, a significant decline from the 11.7 trillion rubles it reported in 2022.[3]

Vertically integrated, Gazprom is active in the hydrocarbons sector, with activities including exploration and production, refining, transport, distribution and marketing, and power generation.[4] In 2018, Gazprom produced twelve percent of the global output of natural gas: 497.6 billion cubic meters of natural and associated gas and 15.9 million tonnes of gas condensate.[5] Gazprom distributes gas through pipelines that the company builds and owns across Russia and abroad, such as Power of Siberia and TurkStream.[6] In 2023 it produced 359 billion cubic meters of natural and associated gas, a decline of approximately 13 percent from the previous year.[7]In the same year, Gazprom had proven reserves of 35.1 trillion cubic meters of gas and 1.6 billion tons of gas condensate.[5] Gazprom is also a large oil-producer through its subsidiary Gazprom Neft, producing about 41 million tons of oil with reserves amounting to 2 billion tons.[5] The company also has subsidiaries in other industrial sectors, including finance, media and aviation; and majority stakes in other companies.

Gazprom formed in 1989, when the government converted the Soviet Ministry of Gas Industry into a corporation to become the first state-run corporate enterprise in the Soviet Union.[8] After the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, Gazprom was privatized, retaining its Russia-based assets. At that time, Gazprom evaded taxes and state regulations and engaged in asset stripping. The company returned to government control in the early 2000s, and since then, the company has been involved in the Russian government's diplomatic efforts, setting of gas prices, and access to pipelines.[9]

The company is majority-owned by the Russian government, via the Federal Agency for State Property Management and Rosneftegaz, while the remaining shares are traded publicly.[10] Gazprom is listed on the Moscow Exchange.[11] Many arbitration cases have been decided against Gazprom.[12]

History

Origins

In 1943, during World War II, the government of the Soviet Union developed a domestic gas industry. In 1965, it centralized gas exploration, development, and distribution within the Ministry of Gas Industry. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Ministry of Gas Industry found large natural gas reserves in Siberia, the Ural region, and the Volga Region. The Soviet Union became a significant producer of gas.[13] In August 1989, under the leadership of the minister of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union (1985-1989) Viktor Chernomyrdin, the Ministry of Gas Industry was renamed the State Gas Concern Gazprom, and became the Soviet Union's first state-run corporate enterprise.[14][15] In late 1991, when the Soviet Union dissolved, gas industry assets were transferred to newly established national companies, such as Naftogaz

Supply and reserves

Production

In 2011, Gazprom produced 513.17 e9m3 of natural gas, which was 17 percent of the worldwide production and 83 percent of Russian production. Of this amount, the Yamburg subsidiary produced 41 percent, Urengoy 23.6 percent, Nadym 10.9 percent, Noyabrsk 9.3 percent and others 15.2 percent. Additionally, the company produced 32.28 million tons of oil and 12.07 million tons of gas condensate.[62][63][64]

The majority of Gazprom's fields are located in the Nadym-Pur-Taz region (near the Gulf of Ob) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Western Siberia.[65]

Development and exploration

Gazprom invested approximately 480 billion rubles ($20 billion) in new major projects to maintain its supply.[67][69] Nearly 37 percent of Gazprom's reserves are located in the Yamal Peninsula and in the Barents Sea.

Blue Stream Pipeline

One of Gazprom's major projects is the Blue Stream Pipeline.[75] The Blue Stream Pipeline delivers natural gas to Turkey via the Black Sea. In 1997, the Blue Stream Pipeline agreement was signed between Turkey and Russia.[76] In 2000, the first joint was welded. The pipeline transports 16 billion cubic meters each year.[75]

Transportation

Gazprom's Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS) includes 158200 km of gas trunklines and branches and 218 compressor stations with a 41.4 GW capacity. The UGSS is the largest gas transmission system in the world.[81] In 2008, the transportation system carried 714.3 e9m3 of gas.[62] Gazprom has claimed the UGSS has reached its capacity.[81] Major transmission projects included the Nord Stream pipelines, as well as pipelines inside Russia.[62]

Liquefied Natural Gas

In 2021, Russia had two large liquefied natural gas (LNG) production plants, Yamal LNG and Sakhalin-2 LNG, both of which Gazprom has an interest in.

In March 2021, the Russian Government authorised a long-term programme to develop and expand the

Sales

In 2006, Gazprom sold 316 e9m3 of gas to domestic customers; 162 e9m3 to the rest of Europe; and 101 e9m3 to CIS countries and the Baltic states.[67] Gazprom received about 60 percent of its revenue from its sales to European customers.[86] In 2008, the average gas price paid by Russian industrial customers was $71/mcm, while households paid $54/mcm.[67]

Since 2000, Natural gas prices have fluctuated. In late 2007, the price of natural gas at the New York NYMEX was 7.53 $/MMBtu. At a conversion of 26,4 m3 per million Btu, it would correspond to a price of $285 per 1,000 cubic metres. At the same time, based on their respective contracts with Gazprom, German customers paid $250 per cubic metre (m3), Polish customers $290 per m3, Ukraine customers $130 per m3 and Russian customers $49 per m3.[87]

Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and as a result of falling export revenue, the domestic market is expected to see price rises of 34% by July 2025.

Corporate affairs

Gazprom is a vertically integrated company, one that owns its supply and distribution activities.[117] Gazprom owns all its main gas processing facilities in Russia. It operates Russia's high-pressure gas pipelines and, since 2006, it has held a legal export monopoly. Other natural gas producers, such as Novatek, Russia's second largest gas company, are forced to use Gazprom's facilities for processing and transport of natural gas.[86][118]

At the end of 2008, Gazprom had 221,300 employees across its major subsidiaries involved in gas production, transportation, underground storage, and processing. Of these employees, 9.5 percent were in management, 22.9 percent were specialists, 63.4 percent were workers and 4.2 percent were other employees.[62] Gazprom's headquarters were in the Cheryomushki District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow[119]

Sports sponsorships

Gazprom is the owner and sponsor of the Russian Premier League football club FC Zenit Saint Petersburg and its other sporting departments (Basketball and volleyball), as well as volleyball club VC Zenit-Kazan and Gazprom-Ugra Surgut at Russian Volleyball Super League. Gazprom also owns SKA St Petersburg of the KHL.

On 1 January 2007, Gazprom became the sponsor of the German Bundesliga club FC Schalke 04 at a cost of up to €25 million per year. On 23 November 2009, the partnership was extended for a further five years. Schalke then suspended their sponsorship of Gazprom after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The sponsorship was worth $150m (USD) over five years.[128]

On 9 July 2010, Gazprom became a sponsor of the Serbian SuperLiga football club Red Star Belgrade. In 2010, Gazprom was a Gold Partner of the Russian professional cycling team, Team Katusha, together with Itera, and Russian Technologies (Rostekhnologii).

On 17 July 2012, Gazprom became the official Global Energy partner of the UEFA Champions League 2012 winners Chelsea. The sponsorship continued for three years until 2015.[129]

Environmental record

Gazprom is one of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters, considering the use of its products.[134] A large part of greenhouse gas emissions by Russia are from methane leaks[135] and its many gas-fired power plants.[136]

Controversies

Geopolitical leverage

Repeatedly, Gazprom has been accused of being a political and economical weapon of Russia, using the supply and price of natural gas to gain control over Europe and most noteworthy, Ukraine.[137][138] "Regardless of how the stand-off over Ukraine develops, one lesson is clear: excessive dependence on Russian energy makes Europe weak," said Donald Tusk, former prime minister of Poland in April 2014.[139] The friction resulted in two boycott campaigns in Ukraine, one that started in 2005, the other in 2013. Russia denies weaponizing energy via Gazprom.[140] In December 2019, Gazprom paid $2.9 billion to Ukrainian counterpart Naftogaz

Sources

External links

References

Peter Grant. Gazprom's New Headquarters Towers Over All Others in Europe The Wall Street Journal, 6 June 2017, retrieved 23 February 2020^
Сбербанк сдал строчку лидера "Газпрому" expert.ru, retrieved 10 January 2022^
Gazprom falls to first annual loss in 20 years as trade with Europe hit

State control

In June 2000, when acting-president Vladimir Putin became the president of Russia, he acted to gain control over Russia's oligarchs, and to increase the Government of Russia's control in important companies through a program of national champions. Putin fired Chernomyrdin from his position as the chairman of the Gazprom board. The Russian Government's stock in Gazprom gave Putin the power to vote out Viakhirev. Dmitry Medvedev and Alexei Miller – former Putin employees in Saint Petersburg – took over from Chernomyrdin and Viakhirev.[21] Putin's actions were aided by the shareholder activism of Hermitage Capital Management Chief Executive Officer William Browder, and by the former Russian finance minister Boris Fyodorov. Miller and Medvedev were tasked with halting asset-stripping at Gazprom and with recovering the associated losses. Itera was denied access to Gazprom's pipelines and came close to bankruptcy. In 2006, Itera agreed to return stolen assets to Gazprom for a fee.[22] Browder was deported from Russia in 2005, and the Russian arm of Hermitage Capital Management was seized two years later.[23][24]

In April 2001, Gazprom acquired NTV, Russia's only nationwide state-independent television station, from Vladimir Gusinsky's company, Media-Most Holdings.[25][26][27] Gusinsky fell out of Putin's favor after using NTV to publish criticism from the families of sailors who died during the Kursk submarine disaster of August 2000 and additional criticism of Putin's handling of the Second Chechen War of 1999 to 2009. Gusinsky fled Russia in 2000, allowing Gazprom to take over NTV without his opposition.[28][29]

In June 2005, Gazprombank, Gazpromivest Holding, Gazfond and Gazprom Finance B. V., subsidiaries of Gazprom, sold a 10.7399% share of their stock for $7 billion to, a state-owned company. Some analysts said the amount paid by Rosneftegaz for the stock was too low.[30] The sale was completed by 25 December 2005, and with the purchased stock and the thirty-eight percent share held by the State Property Committee, the Government of Russia gained control of Gazprom.[31] The Government of Russia revoked the Gazprom twenty-percent foreign-ownership rule; the company became open to foreign investment.[32][33] In September 2005, Gazprom bought 72.633 percent of the oil company Sibneft for $13.01 billion. Sibneft was renamed (Gazprom Oil). The purchase was aided by a $12 billion loan. Gazprom became Russia's largest company.[34] On the day of the deal the company worth was valued at £69.7 billion (US$123.2 billion).

In July 2006 Russia's State Duma passed the law On Gas Export with a nearly unanimous vote. This law gave Gazprom the exclusive right to export natural gas from Russia.[35][36][37][38] In December 2006, Gazprom signed an agreement with Royal Dutch Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi, to take over fifty percent plus one share of Sakhalin Energy.[39] The Gazprom corporate slogan of 2006: "Dreams Come True" [40] achieved wide resonance.

In June 2007, TNK-BP, a subsidiary of BP plc, agreed to sell its stake in the Kovykta field in Siberia to Gazprom after the Government of Russia questioned BP's right to export gas from Russia.[41][42][43][44]

On 1 August 2007, Gazprom's Sergey Kuprianov threatened to stop supplying Belarus with Gazprom gas if Minsk failed to pay off its debts, and if so, it would experience a 300% price-increase. Two days later, Kuprianov saw significant progress towards payment, and expected to be paid by the following week.[45]

On 23 June 2007, the governments of Russia and Italy signed a memorandum of understanding towards a joint venture between Gazprom and Eni SpA to construct a 558-mile (900 km) gas pipeline to carry 1.05 e12cuft gas per year from Russia to Europe. This South Stream pipeline would extend under the Black Sea to Bulgaria with a south fork to Italy and a north fork to Hungary.[46][47][48]

On 18 December 2007, Frank-Walter Steinmeier (then Foreign Minister of Germany) and Dmitry Medvedev (then First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia) signed an agreement on behalf of BASF to exploit another gas field. At the time, German demand was 40% covered by Russian supply. Some German academics warned that Germany had become too dependent on Russia, but Steinmeier, citing the new Ostpolitik, disregarded them.[45]

On 11 February 2008, Kuprianov threatened Ukraine with a halt to supply; in January 2009, the threat was carried out, marking the beginning of the 2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute. BASF's Jürgen Hambrecht expressed concern about the reliability of his firm's supply, but Miller assuaged his worries in a phone call, and the Europeans did nothing to change course for more than a decade.[45]

On 1 December 2014, during a visit to Turkey, Putin said the South Stream project would not proceed and that Russia would ship 63 billion cubic metres per year (bcm/y) of gas to Turkey instead of to Bulgaria. Bulgaria was being sued by the European Union for signing a contract with Russia which was not aligned with European Union regulations. The president of Bulgaria, Rosen Plevneliev, pressured the European Union and Russia to resolve the matter quickly.[49][50]

Exports

Gazprom delivered gas to 25 European countries. Its main export arm is Gazprom Export LLC, founded in 1973 and previously known as Gazexport until November 1, 2006, which has a monopoly on gas exports to countries outside the former Soviet Union. The majority of Russian gas in Europe was sold on 25-year contracts.[67] In late 2004, Gazprom was the sole gas supplier to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Finland, Macedonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Serbia, and Slovakia. It provided 97 percent of Bulgaria's gas, 89 percent of Hungary's gas, 86 percent of Poland's gas, nearly 75 percent of the Czech Republic's, 67 percent of Turkey's, 65 percent of Austria's, about 40 percent of Romania's, 36 percent of Germany's, 27 percent of Italy's, and 25 percent of France's gas.[91][92] By December 2010 with strong support from Alexander Medvedev and Antonio Fallico, who was Russia's honorary consul in Verona, a former Italian communist and a close associate of both Alexey Anatolievich Matveev (born 21 December 1963) and Vladimir Putin, Italy's gas supplied by Russia had greatly increased from 25 percent in 2004 to 70 percent.[93][94][95][96] In May 2006, the European Union received about 25 percent of its gas supply from Gazprom.[97][98] In 2006, Gazprom entered several long-term gas contracts with European companies.[99] The contract prices were mainly linked to oil prices.[100]

In 2014, Europe accounted for 40% of Gazprom's revenue. The proportion of Europe's gas bought in the spot market rose from 15 percent in 2008 to 44 percent in 2012.[101]

In September 2013, during the G20 summit, Gazprom signed an agreement with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) that the Henry Hub index would not be used to settle prices for their trades.[102] In May 2014, Russian president Putin met with General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping and negotiated a $400bn deal between the Gazprom and the CNPC.[103] Under the contract, Russia was to supply 38 billion cubic meters of gas annually over 30 years for $350 per thousand cubic meters beginning in 2018. In 2013, the average price of Gazprom's gas in Europe was about $380 per thousand cubic meters.[103] China offered a loan of about $50bn to finance the development of the gas fields and the construction of the pipeline by Russia up to the Chinese border, with the Chinese to build the remaining pipeline.[103]

In January 2023, as a result of the sanctions imposed on Russia following the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Gazprom announced that its gas exports had fallen 45% from 185 billion cubic meters (Bcm) to 101 Bcm, mainly due to the loss of the European market.[104] During 2023 exports fell again, with Europe purchasing just 28Bcm, a level not seen since the 1970s.[105]

In December 2025, it was announced that Turkey finalized a one-year extension of its expiring gas import contracts with Russia that total 22 Bcm. When asked about the short-term contract, Turkish Energy Minister Bayraktar stated: "They will continue to be supplied by Gazprom next year. But we are focusing on more like short term... like one year".[106]

Price disputes

On 1 January 2006, during the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute, Gazprom ceased the supply of gas to the Ukrainian market. Gazprom has called on the Ukrainian government to increase its payment for natural gas in line with global fuel price increases. During the night of 3 January 2006, and early morning of 4 January 2006, Naftogas of Ukraine and Gazprom negotiated a deal that temporarily[107] resolved the long-standing gas price conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

On 3 April 2006, Gazprom announced it would triple the price of natural gas to Belarus after 31 December 2006. In December 2006, Gazprom threatened to cease supply of gas to Belarus at 10 am Moscow time on 1 January 2007, unless Belarus increased payments from $47 to $200 per 1,000 cubic metres or to cede control over its distribution network.[108] Some analysts suggested Moscow was penalising Alexander Lukashenko, the president of Belarus, for not delivering on pledges of closer integration with Russia,[109] while others noted that other countries like Armenia were paying as much for their gas as Belarus would with the new price levels.[110]

Yukos Oil fraud

Yuganskneftegaz was the core production subsidiary of the Yukos Oil Company, which was previously run by a Russian businessman, Mikhail Khodorkovsky. In 2003, the Russian tax authorities charged Yukos and its founder, Khodorkovsky, with tax evasion. On 14 April 2004, Yukos was presented with a bill for over US$35 bn in back taxes and a demand to pay the entire bill the same day. Requests by Yukos to defer payment, allow payment by installments, or to discharge the debt by sale of peripheral assets, including its shareholding in the Sibneft oil company, were also refused.

The bailiffs froze Yukos' shares in Yuganskneftegaz and on 19 November 2004, they placed a notice in the Russian government newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta. Yuganskneftegaz would be sold at an auction thirty days later on 19 December 2004.[143] The conditions for participation in the auction included an advance deposit of US$1.7 bn and prior clearance by the Russian Federal Antimonopoly Service. In early December 2004, Gazprom applied to participate in the auction via its wholly owned subsidiary, Gazpromneft.

On 15 December 2004, Yukos filed for bankruptcy protection in a Houston court and obtained a temporary injunction prohibiting Gazprom from participating in the auction. On 16 December 2004, a group of Western banks withdrew their financial support for Gazprom's application. On the same day, Baikalfinansgrup, a previously unknown company, submitted an application to participate in the auction.

On 19 December 2004, only two companies appeared at the auction, Gazpromneft and Baikalfinansgrup. Gazpromneft declined to place any offer. Baikalfinansgrup acquired Yuganskneftegaz on its first bid. On 23 December 2004, Baikalfinansgrup was acquired by Rosneft. Rosneft later disclosed in its annual financial statement that it had financed the acquisition of Yuganskneftegaz.[144] At the time, Sergey Bogdanchikov was the president of Rosneft and the chief executive officer of Gazpromneft.[145]

Shortly after the auction, the planned merger between Gazprom and Rosneft was abandoned, and Bogdanchikov resigned as Chief Executive Officer of Gazpromneft.

On 7 February 2006, in response to a question by a Spanish journalist, Vladimir Putin disclosed that Rosneft had used Baikalfinansgrup as a vehicle to acquire Yuganskneftegaz to protect itself against litigation.[146]

Sanctions

Following Russia's continued aggression towards Ukraine, the US tightened its debt financing restrictions on Gazprombank on 17 July 2014.[168] On 12 September 2014, the United States barred U.S. persons from selling goods and services to Gazprom and Gazprom Neft in connection with certain deepwater, Arctic offshore and shale projects.[168][169] On 31 July 2014, the EU placed financial restrictions on Gazprombank.[170] On 8 September 2014, the EU placed financial restrictions on Gazprom Neft.[171]

In April 2018, the United States placed CEO Alexey Miller among the Specially Designated Nationals.[172] This sanction bars U.S. individuals and entities from having any dealings with him. Entities outside the U.S. jurisdiction may also face punishment if the U.S. government deems they are aiding a sanctioned entity. Miller himself claimed to be proud of the sanction: "Not being included in the first list I even had some doubts – may be something is wrong (with me)? But I am finally included. This means that we are doing everything right," Miller said through his spokesman.[173]

In December 2019, the U.S. sanctioned firms involved in the Nord Stream 2 project.[174][175]

On 24 February 2022, upon the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the U.S. expanded penalties on Nord Stream 2 AG, a subsidiary of Gazprom, and sanctioned its CEO Matthias Warnig.[176] It also expanded debt and equity prohibitions against Gazprombank, Gazprom, and Gazprom Neft.[177] In addition, following the invasion, in March 2022 the European Union formally approved a ban on investments in the Russian energy sector, including Gazprom Neft.[178]

The UK banned Gazprom from its debt and equity markets on 2 March 2022,[179] sanctioned Gazprombank on 24 March 2022,[180] and Gazprom board members on 1 March 2023.[181] Gazprom Energy, a UK firm, stated that "supplies 20.8% of non-domestic gas volume in Great Britain. We source our gas through commodity exchanges in exactly the same way as our competitors and we do not depend on gas supplies from Russia."[179]

In 2022, due to economic sanctions, Gazprom took the unprecedented step of suspending dividends for the first time since 1998.[182]

On 18 July 2022, amid the Nord Stream 1 maintenance period, Gazprom sent a letter declaring force majeure, claiming that due to extraordinary circumstances it could not guarantee a gas supply. On 26 September 2022, a rupture occurred in both pipes due to sabotage.

In the first half of 2022, Gazprom reported high profits, roughly equal to the profit for the whole of 2021, due to high prices. In the second half of 2022 and into 2023, Gazprom likely did not make a profit at all due to falling exports.[183] Overall, Gazprom made a profit of 1.226 trillion roubles ($15.77 billion) in 2022, down 40%, after an extra tax was levied in late 2022.[184]

On 19 December 2022 the European Energy ministers agreed on a price cap for natural Gas at €180 per megawatt-hour[185] aiming to stop Russia forcing European gas prices upwards.

Exports of gas by Gazprom from Russia in 2021 was 185Bcm,[186] in 2022 it fell by 45% to 100Bcm[187] and in 2023 it fell again to 62Bcm.[188]

Effect of sanctions

Alexei Miller (Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, CEO, Chairman of Gazprombank, former Deputy Minister of Energy of Russia, member since 2001)
Alexander Ananenkov (Deputy Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, Gazprom shareholder, member since 17 December 2001)
Valery Golubev (Deputy Chairman, Head of the Department for Construction and Investment, former Head of the Vasileostrovsky District, former member of the Federation Council of Russia, member since 18 April 2003)
Alexander Kozlov (Deputy Chairman, member since 18 March 2005)
Andrey Kruglov (Deputy Chairman, Head of the Department for Finance and Economics, member since 2002)
Alexander Medvedev (Deputy Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, former Director General of Gazprom Export, President of Kontinental Hockey League, member of the Coordination Committee of RosUkrEnergo, member since 2002)
Mikhail Sereda (Deputy Chairman, Head of Administration, Deputy Chairman of Gazprombank, member since 28 September 2004)
Sergei Ushakov (Deputy Chairman, member since 18 April 2003)
Elena Vasilyeva (Deputy Chairman, Chief Accountant, member since 2001)
Bogdan Budzulyak (Head of the Department of Gas Transportation, Underground Storage and Utilization, member since 1989)
Nikolai Dubik (Head of Legal Department, member since 2008)
Konstantin Chuychenko (Head of the Control Department of Russia, presidential aide to Dmitry Medvedev, former chairman of Gazprom Media, executive director of RosUkrEnergo, former KGB officer, member since 2002)
Viktor Ilyushin (Head of the Department of Relationships with Regional Authorities of the Russian Federation, member since 1997)
Olga Pavlova (Head of the Department of Asset Management and Corporate Relations, member since 2004)
Vasiliy Podyuk (Head of the Department of Gas, Gas Condensate and Oil Production, member since 1997)
Vlada Rusakova (Head of the Department of Strategic Development, member since 5 September 2003)
Kirill Seleznev (Head of the Department of Marketing and Processing of Gas and Liquid Hydrocarbons, member since 27 September 2002, Director-General of Mezhregiongaz)

History

Origins

Supply and reserves

Production

Development and exploration

Blue Stream Pipeline

Transportation

Liquefied Natural Gas

Sales

Corporate affairs

Sports sponsorships

Environmental record

Controversies

Geopolitical leverage

See also

Sources

External links

References

Privatization

State control

Continual rise

Loss of EU revenue

Imports from Central Asia

Reserves

Yamal Peninsula

Shtokman field

Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous area (Arctic shelf)

Exploration

Exports

Price disputes

Shareholders

Subsidiaries

Management

Yukos Oil fraud

Antitrust

Methane leaks

Nord Stream pipelines

Greenpeace protest against Arctic drilling

Sanctions

Private army

Reducing and ceasing supplies to gas companies