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Changan Automobile

WorldBrand briefing

AI supplement

Original synthesis to sit alongside the encyclopedia article below. Not part of Wikipedia; verify facts on Wikipedia when precision matters.

Changan Automobile is a leading Chinese state-owned multinational automotive manufacturer, headquartered in Chongqing. It is one of the oldest and largest domestic automakers in China, producing passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and automotive components, with owned brands including Deepal, Avatr, and Changan UNI, plus joint ventures with Ford and Mazda.

Key moments

  • 1862Founded as Shanghai Yangpaoju, a military weapons workshop, the earliest predecessor of Changan Automobile
  • 1958Produced China's first domestically-made passenger car
  • 1984Established first auto joint venture with Suzuki Motor Corporation
  • 2001Listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange
  • 2021Cumulative sales of self-owned brand vehicles exceeded 20 million units
  • 2025China Changan Automobile Group was formally restructured and listed, with total annual vehicle sales reaching 2.913 million units

Changan Automobile operates in a highly competitive global auto market, with both domestic and international rivals:

  1. Domestic competition: Faces direct rivalry from BYD, Geely, Great Wall Motors, which have faster NEV market penetration and brand recognition in overseas markets.
  2. Joint venture pressure: Traditional partnerships with Ford and Mazda face challenges from shifting consumer preferences to domestic NEVs.
  3. International players: Competes with Volkswagen, Toyota, Tesla in the Chinese mainstream market, and with Southeast Asian and European automakers in emerging overseas markets.

Changan's core competitive advantages lie in its long history of commercial vehicle manufacturing, extensive global R&D network spanning 6 countries, and strategic partnerships with tech firms like Huawei for high-end NEV brands such as Avatr.

  • Leading domestic player in commercial vehicle segment
  • Global R&D layout with 10 R&D centers across 6 countries
  • Strategic tech partnerships for premium NEV products
  • Extensive sales and manufacturing network covering over 100 countries

Changan Automobile holds a prominent position in China's automotive industry, blending decades of manufacturing heritage with ongoing transformation toward electrification and intelligent mobility. As a state-owned multinational, it maintains a diversified brand portfolio that covers traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, new energy vehicles, and commercial vehicles, supported by strategic joint ventures and in-house brand development. Its solid foundation in R&D, with a global network of innovation centers across six countries, underpins its ability to adapt to shifting industry trends and consumer demands.

The brand's strength is buoyed by deep-rooted consumer trust built over more than a century of operation, as well as strong policy support from the Chinese government as a leading domestic automaker. Changan has pursued aggressive electrification in recent years, launching premium new energy brands like Deepal and Avatr in partnership with leading technology firms to capture growing demand for electric vehicles. This strategic shift has helped it remain competitive in a rapidly changing domestic market, even as it faces intense pressure from faster-growing domestic NEV rivals.

Changan's brand profile balances the stability of its legacy commercial vehicle business with the dynamism of its new energy segment, creating a resilient overall brand position. While it faces challenges from stagnating traditional joint venture sales and limited global brand recognition outside of China, its ongoing investments in innovation and overseas expansion position it to grow its brand strength in the coming years.

Brand leadership

Score: 72/100

Changan holds a top five position among domestic automakers in China by annual sales, with strong market share in both passenger and commercial vehicle segments. Its leadership is more pronounced in traditional vehicle segments, while it is still gaining traction in the fast-growing new energy vehicle segment against faster-adapting domestic rivals, limiting its overall leadership score.

Customer interaction

Score: 68/100

Changan engages with consumers through digital marketing channels, offline experience centers for its new energy brands, and collects user feedback to refine product features. It maintains an active social media presence across major Chinese platforms, but customer interaction is far less developed in most overseas markets compared to local and established global brands.

Brand momentum

Score: 65/100

Driven by its electrification transformation and strategic partnerships with leading tech firms, Changan has launched multiple competitive new energy models in recent years, generating growing market attention. However, its momentum lags behind leading domestic NEV rivals that have achieved faster market penetration and stronger global brand buzz, putting pressure on its long-term growth trajectory.

Brand stability

Score: 80/100

As a state-owned enterprise with decades of consistent operation, Changan benefits from strong government policy support in China, solid supply chain management, and consistent core brand positioning, leading to low operational and brand-related risk. It has maintained steady domestic sales volume over the years, even amid market fluctuations and the broader industry shift to electrification.

Brand heritage age

Score: 90/100

Changan traces its operational origins back to the 19th century, with more than 150 years of production history, making it one of the oldest continuously operating automotive manufacturers in China. Its long heritage has built deep consumer trust and widespread domestic brand recognition, forming a solid foundational advantage for the business.

Industry profile

Score: 75/100

Changan is a widely recognized player in the global automotive industry, known for its extensive global R&D network and diversified product portfolio covering passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and core automotive components. It is a pioneer of China's modern automotive industry, and its ongoing electrification transformation keeps it relevant amid the global shift to sustainable mobility.

Global brand penetration

Score: 45/100

Changan has expanded its sales presence to emerging overseas markets including Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South America, but it still generates the vast majority of its revenue and sales from the Chinese domestic market. It has not yet established significant brand recognition or market share in major mature markets like Europe and North America, leaving substantial room for global growth.

Artificial intelligence can support structured reasoning around Changan Automobile's brand value based on public market data and industry positioning. Any brand value figures generated through this analytical framework are illustrative and not formally audited. For an officially audited, comprehensive brand valuation of Changan Automobile, please contact World Brand Lab.

China Changan Automobile Group Co., Ltd.[2] (CCAG) is a Chinese central state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Jiangbei, Chongqing.[3] Changan Automobile traces its origins back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau. However, it was not until 1959 when the factory was repurposed to manufacture the Changjiang Type 46 Jeep that it became an automobile manufacturer.[4][5]

The company produces and sells vehicles under its own branding, such as Avatr, Deepal, Changan and Kaicene, as well as under foreign-branded joint ventures, such as Changan Ford and Changan Mazda. In 2021, its own brands contributed 76% of its sales (1.75 million, including 1.2 million passenger vehicles).[6] Its principal activity is the production of passenger cars, microvans, commercial vans and light trucks.

A subsidiary of Changan, Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd.(szse: 000625), is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (but is also state controlled).[3]

History

Changan's early origins can be traced back to 1862 when Li Hongzhang set up a military supply factory, the Shanghai Foreign Gun Bureau. In 1863, it was renamed the Suzhou Arsenal. By 1865, Li Hongzhang relocated the Suzhou Arsenal to Nanjing, and became the largest arsenal in China at the time, known as the Jinling Arsenal.[7]

By 1899, it had grown into a major arms production center, equipped with nearly a thousand machines and employing 1,700 artisans, solidifying its position as one of China's primary military manufacturing hubs.

In 1937, when the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, as Shanghai fell and Nanjing faced imminent threat, Nationalist government decided to relocate Jinling Arsenal westward to Chongqing[8] After relocating, it was renamed the 21st Arsenal.[7]

In 1951, the 21st Arsenal was renamed the State-Owned Factory 456 under the Central Bureau of Military Industry. This marked a significant transition in its organizational structure, aligning it with the newly established administrative framework of the People's Republic of China. The renaming reflected the factory's continued importance in national defense and industrial production during the early years of the PRC.[7]

In 1959 a predecessor entity, Chongqing Changan Arsenal, under contract to the government, began auto manufacturing and built Changjiang Type 46 which was the first production vehicle of China.[9]

In 1984, Changan entered a significant phase of transformation by signing a technical trade cooperation agreement with Japan's Suzuki Motor Corporation. This partnership focused on the development of mini vehicles and engines, marking a pivotal step in the company's evolution. On November 15, 1984, the first batch of Changan-branded vehicles—the SC112 mini van and the SC110 mini truck—rolled off the production line. It marks the official transition of Changan from a military enterprise to a civilian vehicle manufacturer.[10][7]

In 2009, Changan acquired two smaller domestic automakers, Hafei and Changhe.[11] In 2013, Changhe was transferred to Jiangxi provincial government for restructuring, and later became a majority-owned subsidiary of another Chinese automaker BAIC Group.[12]

As of 2010, China Weaponry Equipment is the parent company of this state-owned automaker,[13] and that year Changan became the fourth most-productive car manufacturer in the Chinese automobile industry by selling 2.38 million units.[14]

The company also released a new logo for its consumer offerings in 2010 while commercial production retains the former red-arch brand.[15]

Although it only allowed the company to achieve fourth place among domestic automakers in terms of production, Changan made over 2 million whole vehicles in 2011.[16]

In 2012, it was reported that 72% of production was dedicated to passenger vehicles,[17] but this count likely conflates private offerings and microvans, tiny commercial trucks and vans that are popular in China.

In November 2012, Changan Ford Mazda Automobile was divided into two new joint venture companies as part of Ford's divestment from Mazda: Changan Ford and Changan Mazda.[18]

In October 2017, Changan said it plans on ending production of vehicles powered solely by internal-combustion engines by 2025, as the automaker will be selling only plug-in hybrid vehicles and all-electric vehicles from 2025 as a result of climate change and air pollution issues in China as well as stringent emissions regulations. The company stated that this is because Government of China announced that it has passed legislation that will ban new ICE-powered vehicles by the mid-2030s, due to high air pollution and due to China's reiterated commitment in the United Nations Paris Agreement as the automaker wants to remain compliant with the government's automotive emission standards. The automaker is joining Volvo Cars, Jaguar Land Rover, FAW Group, BYD Auto, Lotus Cars, and several other automakers in planning on ceasing production of ICE-powered vehicles in the coming years.[19]

In December 2023, Huawei announced it plans to move core technologies and resources in its smart car unit to a new joint venture with Changan. The new brand Avatr Technology, formerly the Changan-Nio, will engage in research and development, production, sales and service of intelligent automotive systems and component solutions. Changan and its affiliates plan to acquire no more than 40 percent of the new company's equity, with the specific amount of capital contribution and term to be separately negotiated between the two parties.[20][21]

On 9 February 2025, Changan Automobile and Dongfeng Motor both announced that they were both in the process of potentially merging with other unnamed state-owned enterprises, sparking rumors that the two conglomerates would be merged with Dongfeng becoming the dominant partner.[22][23] Later on 4 June 2025, Changan and Dongfeng both announced that they no longer had plans for mergers.[24][25]

On 5 June 2025, the State Council announced that it would spin off the automotive business entity of China South Industries Group Corporation, the Changan Automobile, into an independent central state-owned enterprise that directly under the management of State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC).[26] The spin-off marks the substantial decoupling of the long-standing close ties of Changan's military-industrial background and it will officially be elevated to a Sub-Ministerial-Level Enterprise.[27]

In July 2025, China Changan Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Changan Automobile's new legal independent legal entity after being spun off was established, becoming the 100th central state-owned enterprise and the 3rd automotive enterprise under SASAC and first central state-owned enterprise in Chongqing. The new company was registered in Chongqing with capital of 20 billion yuan. Zhu Huarong, the former president of Changan Automobile, was appointed as the legal representative and chairman by SASAC.[28][29] Later on 29 July 2025, the founding ceremony of China Changan Automobile Group Co., Ltd. was held in Chongqing.[30][31]

Leadership

Chairman

  • Xu Liuping (2006–2017)
  • Zhang Baolin (2017–2020)[32]
  • Zhu Huarong (2020–present)[33]

Presidents

  • Xu Liuping (2006–2010)
  • Zhu Huarong (2010–2020)
  • Wang Jun (2020–2025)[34]

General Manager

  • Zhao Fei (2025–present)

Brands and products

Changan produces and markets vehicles primarily under 5 brands:[35]

  • Changan Auto for SUVs and passenger cars
  • Changan Nevo (Qiyuan) for entry premium range extended electric vehicles.
  • Deepal (Shenlan) for electric vehicles
  • Avatr for premium electric vehicles, jointly invested by Changan and CATL
  • Kaicene for the commercial vehicles, light trucks, and MPVs

Changan Auto

Changan is the main brand of China Changan Automobile Group. Its products lines cover entry-level and medium level price range passenger vehicles include cars, SUVs, and pickups.

Changan Nevo (Qiyuan)

Changan Nevo (长安启源) is the entry level EV line under the Changan brand, launched in 2023. Models initially include the A05 compact sedan, the A06 compact sedan, and the A07 midsize sedan. The A06 is a rebadged Changan UNI-V with restyled front and rear ends.[36] The A05 is a rebadged Changan Yida with restyled front and rear ends.[37]

Deepal (Shenlan)

Deepal (Chinese name Shenlan) is EV brand owned by Changan Automobile. The company was originally named Chongqing Changan New Energy Automobile Technology founded in 2018 and became an independent brand since 2023.

Avatr Technology

Avatr Technology is a premium EV brand Changan joint-ventured with battery provider CATL and multiple Chinese domestic foundations, technology supported by Huawei.[38]

Changan Kaicene

Changan Kaicene (长安凯程) is the commercial vehicle line under the Changan brand. Products mostly includes vans, light trucks, and pickups.

Current models

  • Raesor (Ruixing) M60 / Raesor (Ruixing) EM60
  • Raesor (Ruixing) M80 (Changan G10)/ Raesor (Ruixing) EM80
  • Raesor (Ruixing) M90
  • V919
  • Star 5
  • Star Truck/ Star truck EV
  • Star Truck C-type/ Star truck L1
  • Shenqi Plus
  • Shenqi T30
  • F30
  • Honor (欧诺)

Former Kaicene models

Current models

  • Raesor (Ruixing) M60 / Raesor (Ruixing) EM60
  • Raesor (Ruixing) M80 (Changan G10)/ Raesor (Ruixing) EM80
  • Raesor (Ruixing) M90
  • V919
  • Star 5
  • Star Truck/ Star truck EV
  • Star Truck C-type/ Star truck L1
  • Shenqi Plus
  • Shenqi T30
  • F30
  • Honor (欧诺)

Former Kaicene models

Sales

Joint ventures

Like most major Chinese automakers, Changan partners with Western and Japanese companies to produce and sell the products of these foreign firms in China. It also partners with other companies within China to augment manufacturer capacity and share development costs.

Changan currently participates in the following joint ventures:

Changan Ford (2001–present)

In 2001, Changan Ford was formed and initially built Ford-branded passenger vehicles from complete knock down kits.[9]

Making Chinese-market versions of Ford consumer offerings,[15] its 2010 dealer network was thought to include many showrooms in second- and third-tier Chinese cities such as Chongqing.[47] So-called second- and third-tier cities are large and medium-sized cities not among the top four in terms of population and contribution to GDP.[48]

Changan Mazda (2012–present)

Changan Kuayue

Chongqing Kuayue Automobile is a co-operative venture between Changan and Chongqing Kuayue Group specializing in commercial vehicle production.[49]

The group builds commercial vehicles for Changan primarily under the Kuayue and Kaicene brands.

Kuayue commercial vehicles rebranded as Mamut in former Soviet countries.

Current models

Former models

  • Kuayue Xinbao Mini
  • Kuayue Xunlong

Current models

Former models

  • Kuayue Xinbao Mini
  • Kuayue Xunlong

Jiangling Investment and Jiangling Motor Holding

Jiangling Motor Holding Co. Ltd., also known by the initialism JMH, was a joint venture established in October 2004 and controlled equally by Changan and JMCG. To create Jiangling Motor Holding Changan invested money and in exchange JMCG transferred its Jiangling Motors Corporation (JMC) equity to the venture. Jiangling Motor Holding was the largest shareholder of JMC,[52] with a 41.03% stake as of March 2018.[53] JMH also owned the Landwind marque.[52][54]

In April 2019, it was announced that JMCG and Changan planned to split JMH into two separate companies: one keeping the same name and other tentatively called Jiangling Investment. Jiangling Investment would hold the 41.03% JMC stake and some liabilities and would still be equally owned by Changan and JMCG. The new JMH would own the rest of the former JMH assets (including Landwind)[55][56] and it would issue 100% more shares to be sold to investors, leaving JMCG and Changan with a 25% stake each.[56] Jiangling Investment was formally established in May 2019, completing the split of the former JMH.[57] In June 2019, it was announced that the investor for the new JMH was the car manufacturer Aiways. Aiways acquired a 50% of the new JMH with the aim of securing production permits for new energy vehicles.[58][59]

Former

Hafei (2009–2018)

Hafei, officially Hafei Motor Co., Ltd., is a Chinese automaker currently operating as a subsidiary of Changan Ford, and manufacturing passenger vehicles.[60][61]

In 2015, Changan announced it would discontinue all Hafei production and convert existing lines to serve Changan Ford.[62][60][61]

Oshan (2017–2024)

Oshan (Chinese: 欧尚) was a passenger car brand under Changan Automobile. It was originally known as the Changan Commercial Vehicles, the division which focus on micro vans and light trucks. The brand was renamed to Oshan in April 2017 and began to produce passenger vehicles since.

In 2024, Changan decided to cease the operation of Oshan brand and merge the product line and sales channel into Changan brand.[63]

Changan PSA (2010–2020)

Changan and the French car manufacturer PSA Peugeot Citroën agreed in 2010 to set up a 50/50 passenger car and light commercial vehicle-making joint venture.[64] Named CAPSA, it was the PSA Group's second joint venture company in China, after Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën Automobile, and its first with Changan.[65] Centering on a newly built production base in Shenzhen, it was estimated that initial production capacity for the project will be 200,000 units/year.[66] Manufacturing commenced in 2014, with China specific Citroën DS models; the DS 5LS first and then the DS 6WR.[67] The venture was dissolved in 2020.

Changan Suzuki (1993–2018)

Technical and commercial cooperation with Suzuki Motors, beginning in 1983, saw Changan assembling inexpensive commercial trucks (originally the Suzuki Carry ST90 as the Changan SC112[68]) under license into the 2000s.[69] The two companies formed Chongqing Changan Suzuki Automobile Co in 1993,[70] which built licensed versions of the Suzuki Alto, Suzuki Cultus, and more recently the Swift.

In parallel with its Suzuki joint venture, Changan also continued to build small trucks and vans for commercial use based on the 1999 Suzuki Carry license, but independently developed vehicles are quickly replacing them.[69] These small cars carry the Changan brand name although Suzuki technology is used in their design and manufacture.

On 4 September 2018, Suzuki transferred its 50 percent stake in Changan Suzuki to Changan Automobile Group, ending 25 years of joint venture. Under the plan, Changan would continue to make and sell Suzuki-branded cars in China under license.

In 2021, Changan Suzuki was renamed to Chongqing Lingyao Automobile.[71]

Production and research facilities

Domestic

Changan has four major production bases (in the City of Chongqing, Hebei province, Jiangsu province, and Jiangxi province), eleven automobile production bases, and two engine production bases in mainland China[72] for a more-current total of 21 vehicle-making bases including newer sites in Anhui province, Guangdong province, Heilongjiang province, Shandong province, and Shanxi province.

Anhui

A planned 300,000 units/year capacity mini-vehicle production base in Hefei, Anhui province, should see completion in 2011. Production capacity figures may consider engines and vehicles as discrete.

Beijing

An existing R&D center in Beijing[73] will soon be joined by a passenger car production base in Fangshan District, Beijing, which will become operational in 2012.

Chongqing

Changan has numerous sites in the city of Chongqing. A Changan-Ford plant and another, planned Changan-Ford plant (which may produce engines) are joined by a Chongqing-based R&D center[73] and an industrial park in Yubei, Chongqing.

Hebei

An industrial park in Hebei province may continue to be Changan controlled.

Heilongjiang

A Harbin, Heilongjiang province, R&D center, is now a Changan asset.[73] It may have been owned by Hafei prior.

Jiangsu

A Changan-Ford plant and an industrial park in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, comprise Changan operations in this province.

Jiangxi

A planned Changan commercial vehicle production base in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi province, will produce JMC and Ford-branded vehicles[74] and join an R&D center[73] as a second facility in this province. The latter facility may be a former Changhe asset.

Shanghai

Changan has an R&D center in this coastal city.[73]

Anhui

A planned 300,000 units/year capacity mini-vehicle production base in Hefei, Anhui province, should see completion in 2011. Production capacity figures may consider engines and vehicles as discrete.

Beijing

An existing R&D center in Beijing[73] will soon be joined by a passenger car production base in Fangshan District, Beijing, which will become operational in 2012.

Chongqing

Changan has numerous sites in the city of Chongqing. A Changan-Ford plant and another, planned Changan-Ford plant (which may produce engines) are joined by a Chongqing-based R&D center[73] and an industrial park in Yubei, Chongqing.

Hebei

An industrial park in Hebei province may continue to be Changan controlled.

Heilongjiang

A Harbin, Heilongjiang province, R&D center, is now a Changan asset.[73] It may have been owned by Hafei prior.

Jiangsu

A Changan-Ford plant and an industrial park in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, comprise Changan operations in this province.

Jiangxi

A planned Changan commercial vehicle production base in Nanchang, capital of Jiangxi province, will produce JMC and Ford-branded vehicles[74] and join an R&D center[73] as a second facility in this province. The latter facility may be a former Changhe asset.

Shanghai

Changan has an R&D center in this coastal city.[73]

International (Overseas)

The company maintains four factories in international markets and several overseas R&D centers. Changan had an assembly plant in Poteau, Oklahoma, piecing together products sold under the Tiger Truck brand from 2007 to 2010.[75] The Changan CS35 is built in Lipetsk region of Russia since 2016.[76] Also Changan vans and pickup trucks were assembled at Ganja Auto Plant in Ganja city, Azerbaijan in 2005.

Pakistan

Changan has built a production facility in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a joint venture with Master Motors with an investment of US$100 million. This plant makes right hand drive passenger vehicles for Pakistan as well other right hand drive markets. The first "Made in Pakistan" unit of Changan rolled out on 2 May 2019. With a manufacturing capacity of 30,000 cars per year, this facility is Changan's first to produce right hand drive cars.[77]

R&D centers

Changan has over 7,000 engineers and researcher working in R&D facilities in Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai and Harbin,[78] Turin, Italy,[73] and Yokohama, Japan.[73] It set up two more in 2011. These are located in Birmingham (originally was set up in Nottingham), United Kingdom, and Detroit, United States.[79] The Detroit center opened in early 2011, and its office was moved to Plymouth 2015.[80][81]

Pakistan

Changan has built a production facility in Karachi, Pakistan. It is a joint venture with Master Motors with an investment of US$100 million. This plant makes right hand drive passenger vehicles for Pakistan as well other right hand drive markets. The first "Made in Pakistan" unit of Changan rolled out on 2 May 2019. With a manufacturing capacity of 30,000 cars per year, this facility is Changan's first to produce right hand drive cars.[77]

R&D centers

Changan has over 7,000 engineers and researcher working in R&D facilities in Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai and Harbin,[78] Turin, Italy,[73] and Yokohama, Japan.[73] It set up two more in 2011. These are located in Birmingham (originally was set up in Nottingham), United Kingdom, and Detroit, United States.[79] The Detroit center opened in early 2011, and its office was moved to Plymouth 2015.[80][81]

Etymology

The name "Changan" originated from "Chongqing Changan Arsenal", the predecessor entity in defense industry in 1950s, which literally means "Long Lasting Peace".[7] Changan is also the name ancient Chinese capital of the Tang Dynasty.

It was first used in its first light commercial truck, the Changan-brand SC112, which was based on the Suzuki Carry mini-truck introduced from Japan in the 1980s.[7]

See also

  • FAW Group
  • Dongfeng Motor
  • Automobile manufacturers and brands of China
  • List of automobile manufacturers of China
  • Automotive industry in China

External links

  • (Global)

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