Novo Holdings A/S (formerly Novo A/S)[1] is the Novo Nordisk Foundation's wholly owned holding company for Novo Nordisk A/S and Novonesis (formerly Novozymes A/S). Novo Holdings A/S was established in 1999 and manages the Novo Nordisk Foundation's assets, which by the end of 2024 was worth €142 billion (approximately US$165 billion).[2] The company generated a total income and investment return of DKK 31 billion (€4.2 billion) in 2023[3] and DKK 60 billion (€8 billion) in 2024.[4][5][6] By the end of 2024, Novo Holdings had a total of 181 companies[5]