Refining
In 2022 Neste operated conventional oil refineries at Porvoo in Finland and renewable diesel refineries in Porvoo, Singapore and Rotterdam, Netherlands.[52]
In 2015, two renewable diesel production lines in Porvoo produced 0.525 million metric tonnes of renewable diesel, which was approximately one fifth of the diesel consumption of Finland.[53][54][55] Neste's production facility in Singapore is the largest renewable diesel refinery in the world, with an annual capacity of 1.1 million metric tonnes.[56] A planned new production line is expected to increase its capacity by one million tonnes in 2022.[56]
Neste's refinery feedstock includes of crude oil and renewable raw materials, such as used cooking fat, waste animal and fish fat from the food industry,[44] waste and residues from vegetable oil production, technical corn oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, and soybean oil. About 80% of renewable feedstock is waste and residue fats and oils. Neste also researches the use of community waste, algae, lignocellulose,[44] and liquefied waste plastic as feedstock. In 2019, most of the crude oil used by Neste came from Russia.[57]
Neste produces gasolines, diesel, aviation and marine fuels, light and heavy fuel oils, base oils, gasoline components, special fuels and solvents.[58][59] LPGs, carbon dioxide, and sulfur are sold as by-products. Neste's products include dozens of types of gasoline and more than a hundred end-products.[60] In 2017, Neste was the world's largest producer of renewable diesel, producing 2.6 million tonnes per year.[61]
Neste has developed the proprietary NEXBTL technology for the production of renewable fuels.[62] Renewable diesel is a hydrodeoxygenated paraffinic fuel, which can be used in conventional diesel engines without engine modifications.[63]
Aviation biofuel
Neste's sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a drop-in fuel, which can be mixed with kerosene to produce a mixture that contains at least 50% kerosene.[64] Among others, it is used by Lufthansa and the Swedish Air BP.[64] In 2019, Neste produced about 100,000 tonnes of sustainable aviation fuel[64] and plans to produce around 1.5 million tonnes per year by 2023.[65]
