The Mercedes-Benz W123 is a range of executive cars produced by German manufacturer Mercedes-Benz from November 1975 to January 1986. The W123 models surpassed their predecessor, the Mercedes-Benz W114, as the most successful Mercedes-Benz, selling 2.7 million units before production ended in the autumn of 1985 for the saloon/sedan versions and January 1986 for coupés and estates/station wagons.[3]
Following a slow production build-up during the first year, customers who placed their orders faced a lengthy waiting period of nine to twelve months. A black market emerged for the customers who were willing to pay more for immediate delivery. The slightly used W123 commanded about 5,000 Deutsche Mark premium over its original sale price.[4]
Like its predecessors, the W123 gained the reputation of being well built and reliable.[5] Many taxi companies in Germany chose the W123 due to its reputation of durability and reliability.[6] Reaching 500,000 or more kilometres with only minor mechanical issues was common with W123 used as taxicabs.[7][8] Once the W123 reached the end of its service life, they were often shipped to Africa and third world countries where they were highly esteemed for their ability to travel on rough roads and to require infrequent maintenance.[9]
W123 production ended in January 1986 with 63 final estates/station wagons rolling out. The most popular single models were the 240 D (455,000 built), the 230 E (442,000 built), and the 200 D (378,000 built).
Design
The W123 shares technical similarities with its predecessors including engines, steering system, and suspension system. The design is updated with styling cues from its larger sibling, Mercedes-Benz W116, namely wider ribbed taillights, horizontal headlamps, front turn signal indicators on the outer edge, and pull-to-open door handles. Friedrich Geiger was head of the styling department at the time the W123 design was finalized in 1973. Design goals according to chief engineer Hans Scherenberg included creating a "balanced, dynamic, non-aggressive form – one that lends these vehicles a special character – by emphasizing horizontal lines both at the front and rear, suggesting a slight wedge shape from the side aspect, reducing the use of chrome trim and, in the truest sense of the term, introducing rounded lines,” Scherenberg said. "We are as unimpressed by revolutionary leaps of style as by fashionable gimmicks."[10]
The interior is revised with a larger instrument panel, central round ventilation outlets, HVAC control panel and a single row of control switches in the centre. The instrument panel has three large gauges placed behind a single plastic cover. The manual HVAC control panel has three large dials with the left and right for individual temperature control and the centre dial for fan speed control. Air flow is controlled by two sliders (left for upper zone and right for lower zone). If the optional air conditioning unit was ordered, a temperature roll dial was fitted to the row of control switches. The automatic HVAC control panel is simplified with a single roll disc on the left for temperature control, a row of push buttons in the middle for directing the air flow and switching the system on and off and a vertical set of buttons on the right for controlling the fan speed and switching automatic control on and off.
Nomenclatures
Per Mercedes-Benz tradition (prior to the 1993 rebranding), model designation corresponded to the engine displacement, chassis type (coupé or estate/station wagon), fuel type (for diesel engines only), and availability of fuel injection system for petrol engines:
No designation was given for the long-wheelbase: it was simply called "Lang" (long) in the brochures and order forms.
When the diesel engine is turbocharged, an emblem that reads "TURBODIESEL" is affixed to the right side of the boot lid.
As for the chassis codes, W123 is the sedan, S123 the estate, C123 the coupé, V123 the long-wheelbase sedan a.k.a. Lang, and F123 refers to the bare long-wheelbase chassis as used for ambulances and other conversions.
- W for Wagen (Sedan)
- C for Coupé
- T for Tourismus und Transport (estate/station wagon)
- D for Diesel
- E for Einspritzung (fuel injection)
Model variations
Saloon (W123)
The four-door version went on sale on 29 January 1976.[11]
Coupé (C123)
In the spring of 1977, a coupé version was introduced on a shortened wheelbase (2710 mm versus 2795 mm for the saloon). The C123 was available as 230 C (later 230 CE), as 280 C and 280 CE in most markets, and as the 300 CD/300 CD Turbodiesel for the US market. Unlike the W123 saloon, the rectangular headlamps were fitted to the C123 regardless of engine type.
Limousine (V123)
From August 1976, a long-wheelbase version, extended to 3425 mm, with seating for seven to eight was produced. The limousine was built on a stretched W123 saloon/sedan chassis with additional lower side panels behind the rear passenger doors. The elongated roof has the same C-pillar form as on the saloon/sedan. The rear passenger doors were custom-designed in rectangular shape and of the same length as the ones on the saloon/sedan. The engine options were 250, 240 D, and 300 D. A few 280 E limousines were built as special orders.
Engines
All of the W115's engines were carried over, including the 2.0- and 2.3-litre M115 four-cylinder petrol units, the 2.0- and 2.2-litre OM615 and 2.4-litre OM616 four-cylinders and the 3.0-litre, five-cylinder OM617 diesel engines.
The W114 motors, however, received a makeover: the M180-powered 230.6 and M130-powered 250 were replaced by the new, single overhead-cam, 2.5-litre M123, with the car badged as 250.
This meant that for the domestic market the M115 four-cylinder model dropped the .4 suffix for redundancy, and the OM617 powered model would receive nomenclature matching the engine displacement: 300 D instead of 240 D 3.0. Such badging had already been used for the previous generation on North American export models.
The flagship DOHC M110-powered, 2.7-litre motor was also carried over, available both as the carbureted 280 and with K-Jetronic as the 280 E.
In the autumn of 1978, the power output of the 240 D was increased from 65 to 72 PS while the 280 E's power went from 177 to 185 PS. In early 1979, the power output rose from 55 PS to 60 PS for the 200 D and from 80 PS to 88 PS for the 300 D. The 220 D was discontinued after 1979.
In June 1980, the new M102 four-cylinder petrol engine replaced the M115. The 2-litre version was only available with a carburettor while the 2.3-litre version was available with fuel injection only. The carbureted version of 2.8-litre M110 engine in the 280 and 280 C was discontinued in 1981, leaving the 250 as the sole carbureted six-cylinder engine.
Motorsport
One notable achievement was in the 17500 mi[15] 1977 London–Sydney Marathon rally, where the 280 E won first and second, ahead of the third and fourth place Citroën CX.[16]
North American sales
North American sales began with the W123 sedan for the 1977 model year. The initial range consisted of the 230, 240 D, 300 D, and 280 E models. Compliance with stringent Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) automotive emission control regulations on performance and US Department of Transportation on passenger safety required extensive changes to the vehicles, that made them significantly different from those sold in Europe. When the S123 estate/station wagon was introduced in the US in 1979, the engine choice was limited to 3-litre OM 617 diesel engine. No 240 TD or 280 TE were offered.
Externally the changes were most noticeable with massive 5-mph front and rear bumpers and sealed-beam headlights. This particularly affected the 280/280 E models, whose European counterparts received elegant wrap-around chrome bumper tips and square halogen headlights, which were unavailable to US customers. Journalists reported that "the visual changes were on the mild side" compared to US version of the Mercedes-Benz R107 and Mercedes-Benz W116, which have been described as if a "beautiful car was beaten with the malaise ugly stick."[3][17]
The W123 production coincided with the introduction of federal regulations on corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) and the amendments with the Clean Air Act, which mandated catalytic converters
Equipment and features
The standard and optional features are numerous along with a large number of engine and gearbox options. Customers could choose cloth, MB-Tex vinyl, velour or leather for the upholstery as well as interior wood trim for dashboard and centre console. The paint and interior colour palettes are extensive as well.
The driving dynamic enhancement options for extra cost became more extensive over the time: ABS (from August 1980 onward), self-locking differential gear, five-speed manual gearbox (introduced in 1982 for European markets only), Tempomat cruise control system, power steering system (standard from 1982 onward), passenger-side external rear view mirror (standard on S123 model), "Alpine" horn with selectable loudness (popular in Switzerland due to strict noise regulations), retractable steering column (from 1982 onward) and so forth.
The extra-cost options for creature comforts include power windows (with a cut-off switch for the rear passenger door windows), vacuum-powered central locking system, sunroof (manual and electric), air conditioning system (manual or automatic control), seats with orthopaedic support, electrically heated seats (all seats were individually ordered), pre-heating system (for heating the passenger compartment at a pre-selected time when the engine is not running), an assortment of different radios with and without cassette players, rear seat head rests, etc. The W123s destined for the North American market tended to have more features as standard, reflecting the American customer's preference for luxury accessories. For the first time in an executive saloon from Mercedes-Benz, the W123 had the option of fully automatic climate control at extra cost. This option was popular in the North American and Japanese markets. A rare option was a column gear selector that could be ordered with an automatic gearbox if the customer wished. The most expensive option was the Becker radio telephone, selling for 13,512 Deutsche Mark.
In the estate/station wagon model, a third row rear-facing foldable seat was offered as an extra cost option.
Critical appraisal
Contemporary reception to the W123 by the motoring press was generally positive. The car was praised for its technical sophistication, safety innovation, and performance as well as its thorough engineering and high build quality. Downsides were typically limited to complaints about the car's high price or the relative austerity of its equipment (manually adjustable seats, for example) compared with contemporary American vehicles at the time.
The W123 won Motortrend's Import Car of the Year in 1977, with the authors noting that the car was selected based on its overall balance of attributes, rather than dominance in any one specific area. Reviewers noted the accurate steering and "a beautiful balance between comfort and control" in the test vehicle, a US-specification 280 E. Also noted was the seamless integration of safety features such as a diagonally-bending steering column and 25% larger mirrors compared with the previous model. Although the price of $16,000 was "a fair amount in most people's minds," the car was said to represent good value for money in its segment.
A March 1977 Car and Driver review described the 142 hp engine powering its test car as delivering "solid by not stupefying performance." Poise at higher speeds was noted, with performance described as "quiet, stable, comfortable, and efficient in a fashion that most car owners simply cannot comprehend," though substantial body roll was noted. Writing in the same article, automotive journalist David E. Davis Jr. noted that "The Mercedes almost seems to dramatize the fact that it is a machine--a pleasant, comfort machine, but a machine nonetheless--not a boudoir, not some mobile extension of your living room, but a mechanical device." A counterpoint segment complained of the car's relatively high cabin noise, but admired "Mercedes-Benz for having the courage of its convictions," in designing a car that is "purposeful, solidly built, and direct in its responses."
Updates
Mercedes-Benz updated the W123 in incremental steps, calling them series: Changes to the second series (from August 1979): Changes to the third series (from September 1982):
For the 1981 model year, the automatic climate control panel from the W126 S-Class with a simplified icon design was adopted. A new five-speed manual gearbox was introduced in February 1982 and was available in all models except those with the 3-litre turbocharged diesel engine but not in North America. This gearbox was only offered to North America via the grey market.
In September 1982, the driver's airbag with seat belt pre-tensioners for the passenger were offered as a 1,762.80 Deutsche Mark option for all models from the 1983 model year onward.[25] Very few W123s had both driver and passenger air bags. The passenger air bag used a pyrotechnic gas discharge design, a world's first.[26]
- Series 0.5, November 1975 – July 1976
- First Series, August 1976 – July 1979
Technical data
North America and Japan
In these markets, only the following models were offered:[28]
External links
References
- Autotest: Mercedes-Benz 200 Autocar, 16 September 1978^
- Tycho de Feijter. FAW based Mercedes 200 in China Car News China, 2010-05-08^
- Jay Ramey. Mercedes W123 hits the big 4-0 The grandfather of the E-Class is still a daily driver all around the world Autoweek, 1 February 2016^