John Broome (May 4, 1913 – March 14, 1999), who additionally used the pseudonyms John Osgood and Edgar Ray Meritt, was an American comic bookwriter for DC Comics.Along with Gil Kane, he co-created the supervillain Sinestro and the Green Lantern Guy Gardner.
Biography
Early life and career
Broome was born Irving Broome to a Jewish family.[1] As a youth, he enjoyed reading science fiction[2] and began writing for science-fiction pulp magazines in the 1940s.By then he was already writing for some of the earliest American comic books to be published, beginning with a two-page "Pals and Pastimes" humor strip, illustrated by Ray Gill, in Centaur Publications
His first known script for the company was the 13-page Flash story "The City of Shifting Sand" in All-Flash #22 (May 1946).
He wrote text fillers under the pen name John Osgood.[3]
Through the 1940s, Broome wrote primarily Green Lantern stories and the superhero team the Justice Society of America,[5] and contributed an occasional tale starring the Atom, the Hawkman, or Doctor Mid-Nite, in titles including Sensation Comics, Comic Cavalcade, All Star Comics, All-American Comics, and Flash Comics.Broome and artist Irwin Hasen created the supervillainPer Degaton as a JSA antagonist in All Star Comics #35 (July 1947).[3] His final Golden Age Green Lantern story appeared in the last issue of that character's title, Green Lantern #38 (May 1949),[6] and his final JSA story in All Star Comics #57 (March 1951), the last before its retitling as All-Star Western.[7]
1950s and the Silver Age
As the new decade began, Broome wrote science-fiction stories for DC, both standalone tales—including "The Mind Robbers", in Mystery in Space #1 (May 1951), under the pseudonym Robert Stark—and continuing-character features, such as "Astra" (in Sensation Comics, one story of which teamed him with his future regular artist collaborator, Gil Kane), and "Captain Comet", which he created with pencilerCarmine Infantino in Strange Adventures #9 (June 1951).[3][8] For the latter he used the pen name Edgar Ray Merritt, devised by his friend and editor Julius Schwartz, as a nod to fantasy writers Poe, Bradbury, and Abraham.[2] Outside that genre, he wrote a large number of stories for the crime comics anthology Big Town, based on the radio and television shows.[3]
During this time, Broome created many DC characters and institutions, including the whimsical simian sleuth Detective Chimp, with artist Infantino, in The Adventures of Rex the Wonder Dog #4 (Aug. 1952); the Phantom Stranger, also with Infantino, in Phantom Stranger #1 (Sept. 1952);[9] and the post-apocalyptic heroes the Atomic Knights, with artist Murphy Anderson, in Strange Adventures #117 (June 1960).[3][10]
With the dawn of what fans and historians call the Silver Age of Comic Books, Broome was instrumental in writing stories of two key characters who helped revive the moribund archetype of the superhero.Following the creation of an all new Flash, a.k.a. Barry Allen, who carried the superhero name from the original Golden Age Flash, by scripter Robert Kanigher and penciler Infantino in Showcase #4 (Oct 1956)—considered the comic that triggered the Silver Age—Broome wrote Flash stories beginning in that very issue.[11] He wrote numerous Flash stories in the character's subsequent series.[3][12][13] He co-created several of the character's primary supervillain antagonists[4] including Captain Boomerang in issue #117 (Dec. 1960),
Broome, with penciler Kane and editor-conceptualist Schwartz,[19] created Hal Jordan, the Silver Age Green Lantern, in Showcase #22 (Oct. 1959).[20][21] He became the character's primary scripter in Green Lantern's solo series as well.[3] Broome's stories for the Green Lantern series included transforming Hal Jordan's love interest, Carol Ferris, into the Star Sapphire in issue #16.[22]Black Hand, a character featured prominently in the "Blackest Night" storyline in 2009–2010, debuted in issue #29 (June 1964) by Broome and Kane.[23] The creative team created Guy Gardner in the story "Earth's Other Green Lantern!"in issue #59 (March 1968).[24]
In 1964, Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the faded Batman titles[27] and together with Broome and Infantino jettisoned the sillier aspects that had crept into the franchise such as Ace the Bat-Hound and Bat-Mite and gave the character a "New Look" that premiered in Detective Comics #327 (May 1964).[28]
Later life
In the late 1960s, Broome and his wife, Peggy, moved to Paris, France, where he continued to script for DC Comics.[2] His last Batman story, "Public Luna-Tic Number One!", was published in Detective Comics #388 (June 1969).[3][29] His final Flash story, "The Bride Cast Two Shadows", appeared in The Flash #194 (Feb. 1970), and his final Green Lantern, "The Golden Obelisk of Qward", in Green Lantern #75 (March 1970).[3]
Broome then retired from comic-book scripting to travel and, eventually, teach English in Japan.[30] He returned to the United States in 1998, attending his first comic-book convention, Comic-Con International.[4]
Broome died March 14, 1999, at age 85, in Chiang Mai, Thailand, while swimming in a hotel pool while vacationing with his wife.[2] His last address of record was the U.S. Embassy, Tokyo, Japan, with his death certificate issued in New York State.[31]
Awards
Broome received a 1964 Alley Award for Best Short Story: "Doorway to the Unknown!"in The Flash #148 (Nov. 1964), with artist Carmine Infantino.[32] He received an Inkpot Award in 1998[33] and posthumously received the Bill Finger Award for Excellence in Comic Book Writing in 2009.[4]
Homages
An homage to Broome and artist Gil Kane appears in the novel In Darkest Night, which is set in the universe of the Justice League animated series.In the novel, a place in Coast City is named the "Kane/Broome Institute for Space Studies".[34] In the direct-to-DVD film Green Lantern: Emerald Knights the Broome Kane Galaxy is named for him and Gil Kane.In Green Lantern (2011), Broome's Bar is named after him.[35] In the Green Lantern: The Animated Series episode "Steam Lantern," the eponymous character's real name is Gil Broome, Esq.[36]In The Flash episode "The New Rogues", the industrial complex in which the Mirror Master and the Top gain their powers is Broome Industries.[37]
The villain Nathan Broome, who debuted during the Dawn of DC relaunch, is named after John Broome.[38]
8.Irvine, Alex "1950s" in Dolan, p. 67: "In an attempt to revive readers' interest in super heroes, writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino introduced 'Tomorrow's Man of Destiny', Captain Comet, in Strange Adventures #9."^
9.Irvine "1950s" in Dolan, p. 69: "In his first series, the Phantom Stranger often made his appearances to debunk supernatural-seeming events, and the inaugural issue established this theme from the outset with stories...from writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino."^
10.McAvennie, Michael "1960s" in Dolan, p. 100: "'The Rise of the Atomic Knights', ushered in by scribe John Broome and illustrator Murphy Anderson, transported fans to a post-World War III Earth ravaged by atomic radiation."^
11.Paul Levitz. 75 Years of DC Comics The Art of Modern Mythmaking Taschen, 2010^
12.Don Markstein. The Flash (1956) Don Markstein's Toonopedia, 2000^
13.Irvine "1950s" in Dolan, p. 93: "In March 1959, The Flash was back, care of writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino. The series continued the numbering from Flash Comics and gave Barry Allen his own title. Issue #105 also debuted the Mirror Master."^
14.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 101: "Writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino kept even the Flash off-balance when they introduced George 'Digger' Harkness and his hand-held rebounding weaponry."^
15.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 105: "A failed stage magician from the 64th century, Abra Kadabra debuted in this story by writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino."^
16.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 109: "This issue saw 25th century criminal Eobard Thawne use his era's advanced science on an old Flash costume. The suit gave Thawne reverse super-speed...Writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino [introduced] a new recurrent villain in 'Professor Zoom'."^
18.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 100: "Editor Julius Schwartz, writer John Broome, and artist Carmine Infantino introduced the Elongated Man, a stretchable super-sleuth."^
19.Les Daniels. DC Comics: Sixty Years of the World's Favorite Comic Book Heroes Bulfinch Press, 1995^
21.Irvine "1950s" in Dolan, p. 95: "DC had decided to revamp a number of characters to inject new life into the genre. Writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane ensured that Green Lantern got his turn in October's Showcase #22."^
22.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 105: "In his first confrontation with Star Sapphire, Green Lantern didn't realize he was actually battling his lady love, Carol Ferris. As was revealed by scribe John Broome and artist Gil Kane..."^
23.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 111: "Scribe John Broome and artist Gil Kane split this issue into two stories...William Hand, introduced in a cameo by Kane, informed readers of a power light he invented to collect remnant energy from Green Lantern's power ring."^
24.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 129: "John Broome's script and Gil Kane's renderings debuted a character who would one day become a Green Lantern—Guy Gardner."^
27.Robert Greenberger, Matthew K. Manning. The Batman Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the Batcave Running Press, 2009^
28.McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 110: "The Dark Knight received a much-needed facelift from new Batman editor Julius Schwartz, writer John Broome, and artist Carmine Infantino. With sales at an all-time low and threatening the cancelation of one of DC's flagship titles, their overhaul was a lifesaving success for DC and its beloved Batman."^
described Broome's work on Green Lantern as the only superhero series in which
screwball comedy
"was essentially realized", and called Broome "a genius. He wrote about Hal Jordan, not Green Lantern. Hal's total frustration with Carol's completely goofy 'independence' was the reason I got a kick out of the early silver age Green Lantern."
