Duesenberg

Revivals

Several unsuccessful attempts were made to revive the Duesenberg name.[9] August Duesenberg failed to restart the company in 1947, and an attempt by his son, Fritz, and car designer Virgil Exner to revive the brand failed after the production of one concept car in 1966.[12][13] In 1970, Bernard Miller bought the Duesenberg Corporation and produced the SSJ model from templates taken from the original 1935 SSJ La Grande body. The body was aluminum over ash. There were grand plans for over 300 SSJ's to be produced but over the company's life span of 1970-1974 only 8 were completed.[14]

Duesenberg II

In 1978, Elite Heritage Motors acquired the trademark for Duesenberg[15] and started producing the handmade "Duesenberg II" in Elroy, Wisconsin, under the name Duesenberg Motors Company.[16] The "Duesenberg II" retained the styling of the cars from the 1920s and 1930s, but included some modern updates, such as stereo systems, air conditioning, and an automatic transmission.[17] Each "Duesenberg II" was precisely measured using an original example as a template. Over 5,000 manhours of craftsmanship was put into each car.[18] In 1981, a new Duesenberg II Royalton had a base price of $125,000.[19] The company produced several models, including the Torpedo sedan and phaeton, and the Murphy roadster.[16] The factory produced a total of 67 cars before closing in 2001.[19]

Duesenberg Custom Coach

In 1996, the Duesenberg name was revived by Minnesota-based company Duesenberg Custom Coach. Designed by Jeff Teague, the new 'Duesenberg Torpedo Coupe' would feature a radical axial twelve-cylinder engine layout known as a 'Cylindrical Energy Module' or CEM.[20] Adapted from a firefighting pump design by car designer Eddie Paul, the CEM would rotate on an axis, sucking in fuel and providing self lubrication and was capable of running on either petrol or diesel.[21] The powerplant would also allegedly create only 1/6th of the heat of a conventional engine, meaning air cooling would be sufficient. A Mercedes V12 engine was planned to be used if this powerplant prove to be too costly or difficult to implement.[21] Alongside this, the Torpedo coupe would be the first production automobile to use Bose electromagnetic suspension, alongside incorporating a number of new innovative technologies.[22]

Despite plans of producing between 25 and 50 units per year, the project never materialised.

Model A (1921–1927)

Duesenberg's first car was the Model A. It is powered by the Duesenberg Straight-8 engine and was the first car to be mass-produced with a straight-eight.[6] The purchase price for a Model A started at $6,500 .[23] The Duesenberg Model A introduced several innovative features, such as an overhead camshaft, four-valve cylinder heads, and the first four-wheel hydraulic brakes offered on a passenger car.[5][24] It had the largest engine of any consumer vehicle at the time of its production.[6]

The Duesenberg Model A experienced various delays going from prototype to production. Deliveries to dealers did not start until December 1921. Sales lagged, and Duesenberg could not meet a 100-vehicles-per-month quota as the Indianapolis plant struggled to roll out one a day. In 1922, no more than 150 Duesenberg Model As were manufactured, with only a total of 650 units sold over a period of six years.

Model X (1926–1927)

The Model X is a sportier version of the Model A with a heavier and longer (136 in wheelbase) chassis and 100 hp engine that enabled it to reach 100 mph. The most notable differences between the A and the X were that the latter had hypoid differentials and all its valves were on one side.[8]

The Duesenberg Model X chassis is an upgrade over the Model A chassis, offering a reworked 260 cuin straight-8 engine, an overhead cam, with a new crankshaft, revised valve train, improved pistons and superior intake manifold. Power is 100 hp, which made driving at 100 mph possible. The chassis length increased to 136 in, with additional reinforcements. Improved leaf springs are mounted above the frame rails, thus, lowering the center of gravity. The Duesenberg Model X chassis is the rarest Duesenberg street production chassis ever made, with only thirteen ever manufactured. Only five of the Duesenberg Model Xs manufactured are known to have survived.[25]

Model J (1928–1937)

The first Model J prototype was created in 1927 and the first cars were delivered in 1929, shortly before the onset of the Great Depression. About three hundred Model Js were completed by 1930, short of the original 500-vehicle goal.[26]

The car's 420 cuin engine was based on the company's racing engines of the 1920s and was manufactured by another Cord company, Lycoming.[27] It output 265 hp, aided by dual overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder, making it the most powerful car of its time.[26] The Model J was capable of a top speed of 116 mi/h, and 88 mi/h in second gear. Duesenberg historian Randy Ema wrote that the Model J spurred change in engine design, "single-handedly (starting) the horsepower race that drove the number of cylinders from twelve to sixteen," but noted those engines still could not match the Model J's power output.[26]

Only the chassis and engine of the Model J were displayed, as the body and cabin of the car were custom built per custom for luxury vehicles at the time. The company's chief body designer, Gordon Buehrig, designed around half of the Model J bodies, while the remainder were designed by coachbuilders around the world, including Gurney Nutting, Murphy, and Derham, among others.[28]

The J was available in two versions of chassis with a different wheelbase; a longer one (153.54 in) and a shorter one (about 141.73 in). There were also other special sizes, like the SSJs with a wheelbase shortened to 125 in and a few cars with the wheelbase extended to 160 in and over.[29]

The supercharged Model J, referred to as the SJ, was reported to have reached 104 mph in second gear and have a top speed of 135 - 140 mph in third gear. Zero-to-60 mph times of around eight seconds and 0 - 100 mph in 17 seconds were reported for the SJ despite having an unsynchronized transmission, at a time when even the best cars of the era were not likely to reach 100 mi/h. The SJ had a wheelbase of 142.5 in.[30] The SJ was introduced in 1932. Only 36 units were built. A special version of the SJ, the Mormon Meteor, broke several land speed records.[31]

Investors in New York City originally supported the Model J, but following the Stock market crash of 1929, the market for Model Js switched to Hollywood stars.[26] The one-off SJ Twenty Grand was produced in 1933 for the Century of Progress World's Fair to represent Duesenberg's automotive progress.[32] Two modified Model Js, known as the SSJ, were produced in 1935 for actors Gary Cooper and Clark Gable. The SSJ reportedly produced 400 hp and could go 0 to 60 mph in less than 8 seconds. Cooper's SSJ sold for $22 million in 2018, making it the most expensive American car ever sold at auction at the time.[33] About 378 of 481 Model Js of all types still existed as of 2002.[34]