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Yandex

WorldBrand briefing

AI supplement

Original synthesis to sit alongside the encyclopedia article below. Not part of Wikipedia; verify facts on Wikipedia when precision matters.

Yandex is a leading Russian multinational technology group, originally founded as a search engine project and now operating a comprehensive digital ecosystem covering search services, mapping, music streaming, e-commerce, autonomous driving, and intelligent assistants. It dominates the Russian-language internet market and has expanded to several global regions, while also facing geopolitical pressures and competitive challenges from both domestic and international players.

Key moments

  • 1993Initial search engine project launched by Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich
  • 1997Official launch of the Yandex search service
  • 2000Registered YANDEX LLC in Moscow as official corporate entity
  • 2011Listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange
  • 2013Acquired Russian leading film search platform KinoPoisk
  • 2014Listed on the Moscow Exchange
  • 2017Named default search engine for Russian Android devices
  • 2020Ranked first on Forbes Russia's Best Employers ranking
  • 2024Sold majority of its Russian domestic business to a local investor consortium
  • 2025Maintained 60%-65% market share in the Russian search engine market

Yandex Competitive Landscape

This analysis covers Yandex's competitive position across core business segments:

  • **Domestic Ecosystem Rivals**: VK Group (ex-Mail.ru) holds ~15% of the Russian search market with its own digital services suite, while state-owned Sputnik has a policy-protected niche in public sector use cases
  • **Global Search Competitors**: Google captures ~35-40% of the Russian search market via Android ecosystem integration, and Microsoft's Bing competes in European and international markets
  • **Vertical Market Competition**: - E-commerce: Rivals Russian platforms Ozon and Wildberries over product search, payment, and logistics services - Fintech: Competes with state-owned SberBank for digital payment and lending services - Autonomous Driving: Fights for market share with global players like Waymo and Uber, with a prior partnership in self-driving taxi services
  • **Regional CIS Competition**: Faces dual competition from local regional search tools and Google in Belarus, Kazakhstan and other Commonwealth of Independent States markets

Yandex is a leading technology brand with deep roots in the Russian-language digital market, built on decades of localized product development and consumer trust. As a diversified multinational technology group, the brand has cultivated a comprehensive ecosystem spanning search, navigation, streaming, e-commerce, mobility, and artificial intelligence, creating strong cross-service synergy that reinforces its overall brand equity. Its strong understanding of local user needs and language nuances has allowed it to outcompete global technology rivals in its core market for many years.

Despite significant geopolitical and regulatory challenges that have reshaped its operations in recent years, Yandex has retained its dominant position within the Russian internet ecosystem. The brand continues to invest in research and development for emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles and generative AI, which supports long-term brand relevance. While its international expansion ambitions have been curbed, the brand remains a cornerstone of the regional technology industry, with high levels of consumer recognition and loyalty among its core audience.

Brand Leadership

Score: 85/100

Yandex holds a majority share of the search engine market in Russia, consistently outperforming global competitors, and leads in multiple adjacent digital segments including online mapping, ride-hailing, and email services. This multi-segment leadership solidifies its position as the most influential technology brand in the Russian-language internet space.

Consumer Interaction

Score: 80/100

Yandex's ecosystem includes dozens of daily-use digital services that generate consistent, frequent user engagement, with hundreds of millions of monthly active users across its product portfolio. This constant interaction helps reinforce brand recall and builds enduring loyalty among its core consumer base.

Brand Momentum

Score: 55/100

While Yandex maintains stable core market share in its home region, geopolitical constraints have limited its expansion into new global markets and slowed the pace of large-scale new product launches compared to its pre-2022 growth trajectory. This results in only moderate brand momentum in recent years.

Brand Stability

Score: 70/100

Yandex has proactively restructured its business model to adapt to shifting regulatory and geopolitical conditions, retaining its core user base and key revenue streams in its primary market. It maintains solid operational stability despite ongoing external economic and political pressures.

Brand Age

Score: 90/100

Yandex was established in 1997, accumulating nearly 30 years of brand history in the technology sector. This long operating history has allowed it to build deep name recognition and trust across multiple generations of internet users in Russia and neighboring CIS countries.

Industry Profile

Score: 82/100

As a diversified technology group active in high-growth segments including search, e-commerce, autonomous driving, and artificial intelligence, Yandex holds a prominent reputation as a leading innovative technology brand in the regional market, with strong recognition among both consumers and industry stakeholders.

Globalization

Score: 35/100

Yandex's brand presence remains concentrated primarily in the Russian-language and CIS regions, and geopolitical challenges have further restricted its international expansion efforts in recent years. It has very limited brand recognition and market penetration outside its core regional market, resulting in a low level of globalization compared to major global technology brands.

AI can support reasoning around the core factors that contribute to Yandex's overall brand value, drawing on publicly available market information to frame preliminary assessments. All scores and value estimates included in this analysis are illustrative only, and not independently audited. To obtain a formally audited, professional brand valuation for Yandex, contact the World Brand Lab directly.

Yandex LLC is a Russian technology company that provides Internet-related products and services including a web browser, search engine, cloud computing, web mapping, online food ordering, streaming media, online shopping, and a ridesharing company.

Yandex Search is the largest search engine in Russia with an estimated 72% market share in Russia[4] and a 2.8% market share worldwide.[5] Yandex Taxi is the largest ridesharing company in Russia.[6]

Yandex was founded by Arkady Volozh and launched its first product, a search engine, in 1997. Due to its significant media activities in Russia, the company has long faced pressure for control by the government of Russia. In July 2024, in a transaction brought about by international sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and restrictions on foreign ownership, Nebius Group, the Dutch holding company that owned Yandex, sold its Russian assets to a group of Russian investors for a discounted price of US$5.3 billion.

History

1990s

In 1990, Arkady Volozh contacted Ilya Segalovich (1964–2013), a friend of his from high school, to join his venture developing algorithms to search Russian texts.[7] They developed search software together under the company name Arcadia.[8] In 1993, they invented the name "Yandex" as an easy way to remember "Yet Another iNDEXer".[9] This is also a bilingual pun on "index" since "Я" ("ya") means "I" in Russian.

On September 23, 1997, the Yandex.ru search engine was launched and presented at the Softool exhibition in Moscow.[10] In 1998, Yandex launched contextual advertisement on its search engine.[11] In 2000, Yandex was incorporated in Cyprus as a standalone company.[12]

2000s

Arcadia became part of CompTek, a software and computer parts supply company, with Volozh as the CEO in 2000.[13] In 2000, Baring Vostok Capital Partners acquired 35.72% of the company for $5.28 million.[14] In 2001, Yandex launched the Yandex.Direct online advertising network.[15]

The company became profitable in 2003.[16] Between 2004 and 2006, Tiger Technologies obtained an 11% ownership stake in the company.[17]

In September 2005, Yandex opened an office in Ukraine and launched a Ukrainian website.[18] In 2007, Yandex introduced a customized search engine for Ukrainian users, and in May 2007, it opened a development center in Kyiv. In 2008, Yandex increased bandwidth between its Moscow data centers and UA-IX in Ukraine fivefold. In 2009, all services of www.yandex.ua were localized for the Ukrainian market. In 2010, Yandex launched its "Poltava" search engine algorithm for Ukrainian users based on its MatrixNet technology. In March 2007, Yandex acquired moikrug.ru, a Russian social networking service.[19] In June 2008, Yandex announced the formation of Yandex Labs in Silicon Valley to foster innovation in search and advertising technology, with Vishal Makhijani as its CEO.[20][21]

Also in June 2008, Yandex acquired SMILink, a Russian road traffic monitoring agency, which was merged into Yandex Maps.[22]

In September 2008, the company acquired the rights to the Punto Switcher software program, an automatic Russian-to-English keyboard layout switcher.[23]

In January 2009, Firefox 3.5 replaced Google with Yandex as the default search provider for Russian-language builds.[24] Google was reinstated in 2012.[25]

2010s

In May 2010, Yandex launched an English language-only search engine.[26][27][28]

In September 2010, Yandex launched Yandex Music, a music streaming service, with a catalogue of 800,000 tracks from 58,000 performers.[29][30][31]

Also in September 2010, Yandex invested in a $4.3 million financing round by Face.com (formerly Vizi Labs).[32] The company was acquired by Facebook in 2012 and Yandex received $5.7 million and 142,479 shares of Facebook for its stake.[33] In December 2010, Yandex launched Yandex.Start to find startups and work with them systematically, and purchased WebVisor's behavior analysis technology.[34]

In January 2011, the company acquired single sign-in service Loginza.[35] On May 24, 2011, the holding company that owned Yandex, Yandex N.V. (now called Nebius Group), raised $1.3 billion in an initial public offering on NASDAQ, the biggest initial public offering for a dot-com company since Google's offering in 2004.[36][37][38][39] At that time, Baring Vostok Capital Partners owned a 35% stake in the company and Tiger Technologies owned a 15% stake.[40][41]

In June 2011, Yandex and Rambler signed an ad network deal to freeze out Russian competitors.[42] In August 2011, Yandex acquired The Tweeted Times, a news delivery startup.[43][44] In September 2011, the company launched its web portal in Turkey in 2011 and opened an office in Istanbul.[45][46]

Also in September 2011, Yandex acquired 10% of Blekko for a $15 million investment as part of a $30 million financing round.[47][48][49] In November 2011, it acquired software developer SPB Software for $38 million.[50][51]

In March 2012, the company opened its first European office in Lucerne to serve advertising clients in the EU.[52][53] In June 2012, the company acquired a 25% stake in Seismotech for $1 million.[54][55] In October 2012, Yandex launched a Chromium-based web browser.[56][57][58]

In November 2012, Yandex launched a mapping service for Europe and the U.S.[59]

In March 2013, the company added an English language user interface to its translation mobile app to widen its international appeal.[60] In July 2013, Mail.Ru began placing Yandex Direct ads on its search result pages.[61] In October 2013, the company acquired KinoPoisk, the biggest Russian movie search engine.[62][63][64][65]

In 2013, Yandex became the largest media property in Russia in terms of revenue.[66]

In 2014, the company opened its first European research and development office in Berlin.[67] In February 2014, Yandex invested several million dollars in MultiShip.[68][69] In March 2014, it acquired Israeli geolocation startup KitLocate and opened a research and development (R&D) office in Israel.[70][71][72] In May 2014, the company invested in SalesPredict, an Israeli company developing technology for predicting commercial sales.[73]

In June 2014, the company acquired Auto.ru, an online marketplace and classified advertising website for automobiles, for $175 million.[74][75] In November 2014, the company launched a new Chromium-based browser for Windows and Mac OS X.[76]

In May 2015, Yandex launched a minimalist web browser.[77] In June 2015, the company launched Yandex.Radio.[78][79] In September 2015, the company opened an office in Shanghai to facilitate work with Chinese companies operating on the Russian language market.[80] In December 2015, the company acquired Internet security company Agnitum.[81] In June 2017, the company closed its offices in Ukraine after its bank accounts were blocked.[82] Also in June 2017, the company invested in a $5 million financing round by Doc+.[83] In October 2017, the company introduced its intelligent personal assistant, Alisa (Alice), for Android, iOS, and Microsoft Windows.[84][85][86] In December 2017, the company acquired food delivery Foodfox.[87]

In 2018, the company launched Yandex Games, an Internet gaming platform accessible via browser and mobile. By 2022, 10,000 games were available on the platform.[88] As of January 2022, it had more than 11 million players per month.[89] The platform generates income via advertising and in-app purchases as well as its in-game currency called "Yans".[89] In February 2018, the company showed off the first tests of its self-driving cars in Moscow.[90][91] Also in February 2018, Yandex acquired Uber's businesses in Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus and Georgia.[92]

In May 2018, Sberbank and Yandex completed a joint venture deal to develop a B2C eCommerce ecosystem.[93] Also in May 2018, the company unveiled Yandex.Station, a smart speaker.[94] In August 2018, Yandex acquired fuel delivery service Toplivo v Bak.[95] In October 2018, Yandex acquired Edadil (Russian: Едадил, lit. 'grocery deals'), a deal aggregator service.[96] In December 2018, Yandex announced the release of the Yandex.Phone, a smartphone.[97][98]

In September 2019, Yandex announced plans to create an investment portal in partnership with VTB Bank.[99] In October 2019, the company unveiled the second smart speaker of its own design—"Yandex. Station Mini."[100] Also in October 2019, Yandex Taxi acquired Partiya Edy ('The Party of Food').[101] In November 2019, the company was forced by the Russian government to undergo a corporate restructure, giving more influence to pro-Kremlin board members. Vladimir Putin was reportedly personally involved in the negotiations.[102]

2020s

For the month of April 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, Yandex made its home COVID-19 testing service free of charge for all residents of certain areas.[103][104] In July 2020, the company terminated its joint venture with Sberbank, fully acquiring Yandex Market and selling its interest in Yandex Money, which was rebranded as YooMoney.[105] In August 2020, the company's offices in Minsk were raided by authorities to suppress protesters of the results of the 2020 Belarusian presidential election.[106] In September 2020, Yandex completed the corporate spin-off of its self-driving car division, Yandex SDG (now Avride).[107] In October 2020, Yandex held merger negotiations with Tinkoff Bank (now T-Bank) but the two sides failed to agree on terms.[108][109][110]

In March 2021, the company launched Yandex Pay, a cashless payment service.[111] In June 2021, Yandex, VTB Bank, LANIT Group and computer hardware producer Gigabyte founded a joint venture to produce servers in Russia.[112] Also in August 2021, Yandex acquired Uber's stake in its self-driving car division and food delivery business in a $1 billion transaction.[113][114]

In September 2021, the IT company's servers were subjected to the largest DDoS attack in the history of the Russian internet, known as Runet.[115] Also in September 2021, the company completed the corporate spin-off of Clickhouse.[116][117] In October 2021, construction of a new plant in Ryazan Oblast was launched with 1 billion roubles during the first stage of investments. The new plant will produce servers, data storage systems, gateways, and smart equipment under the "Openyard" brand.[118] However, in June 2023, Yandex announced it was looking for ways to exit the joint venture.[119] Also in October 2021, Yandex acquired Wind’s Tel Aviv operations.[120]

In January 2022, Yandex acquired eLama, a digital advertising platform.[121] That same month, it also acquired BandLink.[122] In April 2022, CEO Elena Bunina resigned and moved to Israel.[123][124]

In June 2022, Volozh resigned as CEO and from the board of directors.[125] In September 2022, the bank accounts of the company's affiliates in Finland, including those of Yango Group, were frozen.[126] Also in September 2022, Zen, Zen News, and yandex.ru were sold to VK.[127][128][129] Yandex acquired Delivery Club from VK.[130][131] The company then changed its home page to ya.ru.[132][133][134]

In December 2022, Yandex registered the company Beyond ML in Armenia to hold international investments.[135] Also in December 2022, Arkady Volozh resigned from the company.[136]

In May 2023, Yandex launched YandexGPT, a neural network analogous to the ChatGPT neural network.[137] It implemented the YandexGPT generative neural network in the virtual assistant Alice.[138]

Between 2021 and 2023, Yandex introduced automatic voice-over translation for any YouTube video in English, Chinese, French, Spanish, and German.[139]

In June 2023, the company launched a test of its first self-driving taxi in Moscow.[140] Also in 2023, the company opened an office in Belgrade, its biggest international office.[141][142][143] In July 2024, in a transaction brought about by international sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and restrictions on foreign ownership, Nebius Group, the Dutch holding company that owned Yandex, sold its Russian assets to a group of Russian investors for a discounted price of US$5.3 billion.[144][145][146][147][148][149] The publicly identified investor group includes Alexander Chachava (25%), Pavel Prass (15%), Lukoil (15%), Alexander Ryazanov (10%), and senior management (35%).[150] However, it is speculated that the publicly identified owners are intermediaries for others.[151] Other bidders for the assets included Vladimir Potanin.[152]

In October 2024, the company announced plans to invest $400 million in Turkey.[153]

Open source

In 2009, Yandex began development on its project MatrixNet. It was a unique, patented algorithm for building machine learning models, which utilized one of the original gradient boosting schemes. In July 2017, the CatBoost library was released to the public. It implements the MatrixNet algorithm for building machine learning models.[154]

At the time of release, the technology was already in use as part of a collaborative project with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) to analyze the results of particle experiments conducted.[155]

CatBoost is used by JetBrains for code completion, CloudFlare for bot detection, and Careem for trip-distance determination.[156][157][158]

In 2012, Yandex initiated research and development in the field of natural speech processing.

In October 2013, Yandex launched Cocaine, an open-source PaaS system for creating custom cloud-hosting apps.[159]

In October 2023, the company introduced Yandex SpeechKit. It is a speech-recognition and synthesis technology as well as a public API for speech recognition that Android and iOS developers can use.[160]

In June 2022, the company published the source code for the YDB database management system. It is used in its own voice assistant Alice as well as in Yandex.Go and Yandex Market services.[161][162]

In March 2023, Yandex published the source code for YTsaurus, a platform for work with big data.[163][164]

Data breaches

Cyberattack (October / November 2018)

In October and November 2018, Yandex was targeted in a cyberattack using the Regin malware, aimed at stealing technical information from its research and development unit on how users were authenticated.[165] An investigation by Kaspersky Lab attributed the hacks to Five Eyes intelligence agencies.[165]

Compromise of email accounts of 5,000 users (February 2021)

In February 2021, Yandex admitted that one of its system administrators with access rights to Yandex's email service had enabled unauthorized access, leading to almost 5,000 Yandex email inboxes being compromised.[166] The company sent an apology by email to the owners of the compromised mailboxes, but no compensation was announced.[167]

Source code leak (January 2023)

On January 25, 2023, a leaked archive with 44 GB of Yandex source code was shared on BreachForums via BitTorrent.[168][169]

Legal issues

Legal issues in Ukraine

In May 2017, Yandex was banned in Ukraine by Presidential Decree No. 133/2017.[170] On June 1, 2017, Yandex closed its offices in Kyiv and Odesa after the Security Service of Ukraine raided the offices and accused the company of illegally collecting Ukrainian users' data and sending it to Russian security agencies.[171] The firm denied any wrongdoing.

In June 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the company no longer displayed any national borders on Yandex Maps.[172][173]

Legal issues in Russia

In June 2019, RBC Group reported that Yandex had refused a request by the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) under the Yarovaya law to surrender encryption keys that could decrypt the private data of its email service and cloud storage users. The company argued that it was impossible to comply with the relevant law without compromising its users' privacy.[174] Maxim Akimov, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, said that the government would take action to relieve FSB pressure on the company.[175] Alexander Zharov, head of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media, subsequently said that Yandex and the FSB had reached an agreement where the company would provide the required data without handing over the encryption keys.[176]

In April 2021, Yandex was accused by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of promoting its own products in its search results.[177]

In late March 2022, Yandex was the subject of an investigation by Financial Times and Me2B Alliance, a nonprofit organization, as part of an application auditing campaign led by researcher Zach Edwards. Edwards and four expert researchers, including Cher Scarlett, a former Apple security engineer, found that a software development kit (SDK) called AppMetrica, a product of Yandex, was harvesting data from more than 52,000 applications such as a user's device fingerprint and IP address and storing it in Russia on Yandex's servers, which they said due to Russian law, and the nature of SDKs, could be accessed by Russian authorities without their knowledge. Yandex denied that it was practical to identify users based on the information harvested and stated that requests for the data would be rejected.[178][179]

In February 2022, upon the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Yandex was threatened by the Russian government regarding information that it posted about Ukraine and added an online banner warning that some search results may contain inaccurate information.[180]

In March 2022, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism reported that Yandex-delivered ads promoted misinformation about the war in Ukraine.[181] Many of the articles displayed in Yandex's news aggregators were also from Russian state-owned and state-sponsored sources and the top search results about the war would sometimes prominently feature pro-war websites.[182]

In March 2022, Tigran Khudaverdyan resigned as executive director and deputy CEO after being sanctioned by the European Union for "hiding information" from the Russian public through the manipulation of search results.[183]

According to an investigation by Meduza published on May 5, 2022, since 2016, the top-5 results on the Yandex home page only include pro-Kremlin media approved by the Presidential Administration of Russia. Yandex stated that the highest-ranked news on its home page is generated automatically through its algorithm. However, under Russian law, only news received from registered media sources may appear.[184]

In June 2023, Yandex was fined 2 million roubles by a Moscow court for its repeated refusal to share user information with the Federal Security Service.[185][186]

In July 2023, Kinopoisk, a subsidiary of the company, was fined 1 million rubles for "showing films demonstrating non-traditional sexual relations". The fine came after Russia outlawed public displays of non-traditional relationships and lifestyles to people of any age.[187]

In the first half of 2024, the company received 36,540 requests from the Russian government to disclose user data, a 12% increase from the prior year.[188]

In August 2024, the company was accused of collaborating with the Federal Security Service (FSB) to direct users to fake websites for the Freedom of Russia Legion and the Russian Volunteer Corps, groups composed of Russian supporters of Ukraine. The websites collected data from Russians who may be interested in joining the organisations and supporting Ukraine.[189]

In popular culture

In April 2014, a film about the history of Yandex called Startup was released.[190][191] The film was compared to The Social Network.[190]

Statistics

Estimate of daily number of queries on Yandex Search by year[192][193][194][195][196]

See also

External links

References

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  2. "Яндекс" сменил логотип впервые за 13 лет RIA Novosti, 31 March 2021^
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  71. Natasha Lomas. Russian Search Giant Yandex Acquires Low-Power Mobile Geolocation Startup KitLocate TechCrunch, March 18, 2014^
  72. David Shamah. Yandex to open Israeli R&D centre after KitLocate acquisition ZDNet, March 21, 2014^
  73. Roman Rozhkov. "Яндекс" заплатил за большие данные Kommersant, May 14, 2014^
  74. Yandex to Acquire Auto.ru GlobeNewswire, June 16, 2014^
  75. Ingrid Lunden. Yandex Acquires Auto.Ru For $175M, Adding Car Classifieds To Its Search Business TechCrunch, June 16, 2014^
  76. Andrii Degeler. Yandex's new browser is a bold UI experiment that takes the best from Chrome and Opera TNW, November 27, 2014^
  77. Natasha Lomas. Yandex Pushes Privacy With Beta Release Of Its Minimalist Browser TechCrunch, May 21, 2015^
  78. Ingrid Lunden. Yandex Launches Yandex.Radio, A Curated Free Music Service For Russian Users TechCrunch, June 4, 2015^
  79. Mic Wright. Yandex Radio launches to be Pandora for Russians TNW, June 4, 2015^
  80. Russian Internet company Yandex opens commercial office in Shanghai September 10, 2015^
  81. Yandex acquires software developer Agnitum December 9, 2015^
  82. Yandex to close offices in Kiev and Odessa TASS, June 1, 2017^
  83. DOC+, the Digital Health Company, Raises $5M From Yandex and Baring Vostok PR Newswire, June 6, 2018^
  84. Brian Heater. Yandex introduces Alice, an Alexa-like assistant that speaks Russian TechCrunch, October 10, 2017^
  85. Mallory Locklear. Meet Alice: The virtual assistant from Russian search giant Yandex Engadget, October 10, 2017^
  86. «Яндекс» выводит «Алису» в люди Kommersant, 10 October 2017^
  87. Anastasia Teterevleva, Polina Devitt. Russia's Yandex.Taxi buys food delivery service Foodfox Reuters, December 25, 2017^
  88. Faraz Junaid. Yandex Games is now Available Across the MENA Region gadgetvoize, November 7, 2022^
  89. Итоги 2021: Павел Епишин из «Яндекс.Игр» о главном за год January 5, 2022^
  90. Darrell Etherington. Yandex shows off the first tests of self-driving cars on Moscow roads TechCrunch, February 16, 2018^
  91. Andrew J. Hawkins. Watch this self-driving car navigate the snowy streets of Moscow The Verge, February 16, 2018^
  92. Yandex and Uber Complete the Combination of Their Ride-Sharing Businesses in Russia and Neighboring Countries GlobeNewswire, February 7, 2018^
  93. Maria Kiselyova. Russia's Yandex sets up e-commerce venture with Sberbank Reuters, August 9, 2017^
  94. Ingrid Lunden. Russia's Yandex unveils Plus, a Prime-style service for $2.75/month, 'Station' smart speaker and Alice skills TechCrunch, May 29, 2018^
  95. Yandex Buys Startup Fuel Delivery Service The Moscow Times, August 8, 2018^
  96. Yandex N.V. acquired an additional 90% stake in Edadil Promo, OOO from Natalia Gagarina and others. Market Screener, October 1, 2018^
  97. Russian tech giant Yandex unveils its first ever smartphone Daily Sabah, December 5, 2018^
  98. Brian Heater. Yandex gets in the smartphone game TechCrunch, December 5, 2018^
  99. Russian Digital Major Yandex to Launch Investment Portal With VTB Bank The Moscow Times, September 16, 2019^
  100. «Яндекс» представил понимающую жесты колонку. Izvestia, October 9, 2019^
  101. Yandex.Taxi completes acquisition of food delivery startup East West Digital News, October 24, 2019^
  102. Tatiana Stanovaya. Yandex Is Safe for Now, but Kremlin Compromise Is Fragile The Moscow Times, November 27, 2019^
  103. Yandex ends its free COVID-19 home testing program Meduza, May 15, 2020^
  104. Yandex Offers Free Coronavirus Tests in Moscow as City Bears the Brunt of Russia's Outbreak The Moscow Times, April 21, 2020^
  105. Adrien Henni. Yandex and Sberbank Finalize Divorce The Moscow Times, July 2, 2020^
  106. Masked Men Raid Uber and Yandex's Belarus Offices Amid Election Protests The Moscow Times, August 13, 2020^
  107. «Яндекс» вложит в беспилотники $150 млн Kommersant, September 4, 2020^
  108. Tinkoff Scraps $5.5Bln Deal With Yandex, Shares Plunge The Moscow Times, October 16, 2020^
  109. Alexander Marrow, Andrey Ostroukh. Russia's Yandex and TCS terminate $5.48 billion Tinkoff talks Reuters, October 16, 2020^
  110. Ilya Khrennikov, Anna Baraulina. Yandex's $5.5 Billion Deal for TCS Collapses as Tinkov Balks Bloomberg News, October 16, 2020^
  111. «Яндекс» запустил сервис безналичной оплаты Yandex Pay Interfax, March 10, 2021^
  112. Яндекс и ВТБ примут участие в СП по производству серверов в России Interfax, June 3, 2021^
  113. Rebecca Bellan. Yandex buys out Uber's stake in Yandex Self-Driving Group, Eats, Lavka and Delivery for $1B TechCrunch, August 31, 2021^
  114. Yandex Buys Uber Out of Food Delivery Partnership in $1Bln Deal The Moscow Times, August 31, 2021^
  115. «Ведомости»: «Яндекс» подвергся самой крупной DDoS‑атаке в истории рунета" Mediazona, September 8, 2021^
  116. I-Chun Chen. ClickHouse spins out from Yandex and other NYC tech news American City Business Journals, September 27, 2021^
  117. Katie Roof. ClickHouse Valued at $2 Billion in Round After Yandex Spinout Bloomberg News, 28 October 2021^
  118. Яндекс, ВТБ, Ланит и Gigabyte наладят выпуск серверов в Рязанской области Interfax, 6 October 2021^
  119. Roman Rozhkov, Anastasia Gavrilyuk. "Яндекс" и "Ланит" ищут варианты по выходу из СП по производству серверов Forbes, 30 June 2023^
  120. Rebecca Bellan. Russian tech giant Yandex expands Israeli footprint with acquisition of Wind's Tel Aviv operations TechCrunch, October 12, 2021^
  121. Яндекс купит платформу по управлению интернет-рекламой для МСП Интерфакс, 19 January 2022^
  122. Яндекс покупает сервис BandLink ТАСС, 18 January 2022^
  123. Russia's Yandex head steps down two weeks early^
  124. Report: Jewish CEO of 'Russia's Google' leaves country for Israel over war The Times of Israel, 5 April 2022^
  125. Yandex CEO resigns after being targeted by EU sanctions Reuters, June 3, 2022^
  126. В Финляндии арестованы активы "Яндекса" и братьев Ротенбергов Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, September 22, 2022^
  127. Natasha Lomas. Yandex's sale of News and Zen to VK completes TechCrunch, 12 September 2022^
  128. Natasha Lomas. Yandex signs deal with VK to sell its media products, News and Zen TechCrunch, 28 April 2022^
  129. Andrew Roth. Russia's Yandex to sell off news service as state tightens grip on online media The Guardian, 23 August 2022^
  130. Большой размен. Как "Яндекс" отдал конкуренту главную The Bell, August 29, 2022^
  131. Russian Tech Giant Yandex Sells Media Assets Barron's, August 23, 2022^
  132. Yevgeniya Boropayeva. «Яндекс» сменит главную страницу после сделки с VK RBK Daily, 23 August 2022^
  133. Yandex Announces a Binding Agreement to Divest News and Zen Services AccessWire, August 23, 2022^
  134. Alexander Avilov. Russia's Yandex Sells News and Blogging Products to VK The Moscow Times, 28 April 2022^
  135. Милена Костерева. "Яндекс" создал новый международный бизнес с десятком стартапов Kommersant, December 22, 2022^
  136. Эрдни Кагалтынов. Аркадий Волож попрощался с "Яндексом" Kommersant, December 30, 2022^
  137. Yandex to open YandexGPT to testing for business customers, monetization model still undefined Interfax, 19 June 2023^
  138. Timur Batyrov. «Яндекс» добавил в «Алису» генеративную нейросеть YandexGPT Forbes, 17 May 2023^
  139. Tanya Bobova. «Яндекс Браузер» добавил автоматический перевод видео с китайского языка vc.ru, 17 April 2023^
  140. Yekaterina Khabidulina. «Яндекс» объявил о запуске роботакси в Москве Forbes, June 7, 2023^
  141. Snezana Rakic. Yandex to open its biggest international office in Serbia Serbian Monitor, 14 June 2023^
  142. Russian Yandex to Open Biggest International Office in Belgrade eKapija, 13 June 2023^
  143. Yandex has opened an office in Belgrade Oreanda News, 15 June 2023^
  144. DAVID McHUGH. The owners of Russia's tech pioneer Yandex are selling — at a big, Kremlin-required discount Associated Press, February 5, 2024^
  145. Vish Gain. Dutch-owned Yandex sells Russian assets in $5.4bn deal Silicon Republic, 15 July 2024^
  146. Anatoly Kurmanaev. Russian Tech Giant Reaches $5 Billion Deal to Quit Russia The New York Times, February 5, 2024^
  147. Yandex: Owner of 'Russia's Google' pulls out of home country BBC News, 6 February 2024^
  148. Alexander Marrow. Why the $5.2 billion sale of Russia's Yandex is significant Reuters, 5 February 2024^
  149. Alexander Marrow. Yandex split finalised as Russian assets sold in $5.4 bln deal Reuters, 15 July 2024^
  150. Yandex managers to get 35% Consortium.First following divestment TASS, 8 February 2024^
  151. Yandex gets a new set of owners The Bell, 6 February 2024^
  152. Alexander Marrow. Yandex receives bids for stakes in Russia-based businesses Reuters, 25 May 2023^
  153. Russian Yandex to expand Türkiye reach with $400M investment Daily Sabah, October 23, 2024^
  154. Ingrid Lunden. Yandex open sources CatBoost, a gradient boosting machine learning library TechCrunch, July 18, 2017^
  155. Serdar Yegulalp. Yandex open sources CatBoost machine learning library InfoWorld, July 28, 2017^
  156. Roman Poborchiy. Code Completion, Episode 4: Model Training JetBrains, August 20, 2021^
  157. Nikon Rasumov. Stop the Bots: Practical Lessons in Machine Learning CloudFlare, February 20, 2019^
  158. How Careem's Destination Prediction Service speeds up your ride Medium, February 19, 2019^
  159. Search Engine Giant Yandex Launches Cocaine, A Cloud TechCrunch, October 16, 2013^
  160. Распознавание речи от Яндекса. Под капотом у Yandex.SpeechKit habr.com, October 22, 2013^
  161. Yevgeniya Yevseyeva. «Яндекс» выложил в открытый доступ исходный код системы управления базами данных YDB vc.ru, April 19, 2022^
  162. YDB Is Now Available as Open-Source Project Medium, June 23, 2022^
  163. Viktoriya Viatris. "Яндекс" открыл исходный код своей платформы для работы с большими данными March 20, 2023^
  164. Yandex unveils source code of company's big data platform TASS, 20 March 2023^
  165. Christopher Bing, Jack Stubbs, Joseph Menn. Exclusive: Western intelligence hacked 'Russia's Google' Yandex to spy on accounts - sources Reuters, June 27, 2019^
  166. Ionut Ilascu. Yandex suffers data breach after sysadmin sold access to user emails BleepingComputer, February 12, 2021^
  167. Системный администратор предоставлял несанкционированный доступ к почте Tendence.ru, February 12, 2021^
  168. Yandex source code leaked on a hacking forum Cybernews, January 26, 2023^
  169. Bill Toulas. Yandex denies hack, blames source code leak on former employee Bleeping Computer, January 26, 2023^
  170. Указ президента України №133/2017 — Офіційне інтернет-представництво Президента України President of Ukraine, April 28, 2017^
  171. Vladimir Soldatkin, Jack Stubbs. Russia's Yandex to close offices in Ukraine's Odessa and Kiev Reuters, June 1, 2017^
  172. Natasha Lomas. Russian tech giant Yandex removes national borders from Maps app TechCrunch, June 9, 2022^
  173. Russia's Yandex Maps to Stop Displaying National Borders The Moscow Times, June 9, 2022^
  174. Todd Prince. Russia's Yandex Reportedly Ordered By FSB To Hand Over Encryption Keys Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, June 5, 2019^
  175. Russian Government Vows to Protect Yandex Against FSB Pressure The Moscow Times, June 6, 2019^
  176. Yandex, FSB find acceptable encryption key solution – media watchdog TASS, June 6, 2019^
  177. Competition Authorities Open Case Against Yandex for Abusing Search Dominance The Moscow Times, April 14, 2021^
  178. Patrick McGee. Russian tech giant's data harvesting raises security concerns Financial Times, March 29, 2022^
  179. Urooba Jamal. Smartphone users' data could be at risk due to app software developed by Russia's largest internet firm, a report says Business Insider, March 29, 2022^
  180. Alexander Marrow, Gleb Stolyarov. Yandex warns Russian users of unreliable information online after Moscow threatens media Reuters, February 25, 2022^
  181. Jasper Jackson, Alex Hern. Western-owned Russian firm helps sites pushing false news profit from ads The Guardian, 30 March 2022^
  182. David Salvo. How Russia's Leading Search Engine Spreads Kremlin Propaganda on Ukraine: Introducing ASD's Yandex Dashboard Alliance For Securing Democracy, 2 June 2022^
  183. Jake Cordell. Yandex Head Quits After Surprise EU Sanctions The Moscow Times, March 16, 2022^
  184. Svetlana Reyter. Мы замучились бороться. Как российское вторжение в Украину раскололо "Яндекс" Meduza, 5 May 2022^
  185. Lidia Kelly. Russia's Yandex fined for refusing to share user information with security services Reuters, 19 June 2023^
  186. Russia Fines Tech Giant Yandex 2M Rubles The Moscow Times, June 19, 2023^
  187. Yandex General Director Accused of Violating 'LGBT Propaganda' Ban The Moscow Times, July 5, 2023^
  188. Yandex transfers record amount of user data to Russian authorities News.az, 2 November 2024^
  189. Roman Petrenko. FSB and Yandex trick Russians wishing to join Russian volunteer formations in Ukraine into giving personal details Ukrainska Pravda, August 17, 2024^
  190. Dan Pototsky. Telling the Yandex story: 'Startup' gets off the ground Russia Beyond, April 3, 2014^
  191. Robin Wauters. What, no Justin Timberlake? There's a movie about Yandex in the works The Next Web, March 14, 2013^
  192. Количество ежедневных запросов к поисковой машине Яндекс превысило 2 миллиона Yandex, 12 April 2002^
  193. Новые Яндекс.Новости можно использовать в качестве зеркала СМИ I2R.ru^
  194. Поиск в интернете: что и как ищут пользователи Yandex^
  195. Поисковые запросы и жизнь Yandex, December 2011^
  196. Алгоритм «Палех»: как нейронные сети помогают поиску Яндекса 2 November 2016^