Vaseline [1][2][3] is an American brand of petroleum jelly-based products owned by British multinational company Unilever.[4] Products include plain petroleum jelly and a selection of skin creams, soaps, lotions, cleansers, and deodorants.
In many languages, the word "vaseline" is used as a genericized word for petroleum jelly.
History
In 1859, Robert Chesebrough, a chemist who formerly clarified lamp oil from sperm oil, a waxy oil from the heads of sperm whales, was losing business as whale oil was replaced by coal oil. He traveled to the oil fields in Titusville, Pennsylvania, to research what new materials might be created from this new fuel. There he learned of a residue called rod wax that had to be periodically removed from oil rig pumps. The oil workers had been using the substance to heal cuts and burns. Chesebrough took samples of the rod wax back to Brooklyn, extracted the usable petroleum jelly, and began manufacturing a medicinal product he called Vaseline.[5]
The first known reference to the name Vaseline was by the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company in the U.S. patent (U.S. Patent 127,568) in 1872. "I, Robert Chesebrough, have invented a new and useful product from petroleum which I have named Vaseline..."
The name "vaseline" is said by the manufacturer to be derived from German Wasser "water" + Greek έλαιον (elaion) "oil".[6]
Vaseline was made by the Chesebrough Manufacturing Company until the company, which merged with Pond's in 1955, was purchased by Unilever in 1987.[4]
Uses
Vaseline can be used as a lubricant for metallic and plastic surfaces. It can also be used as a moisture insulator for local skin conditions characterized by dry skin, such as atopic dermatitis and eczema.[7] Vaseline should not be used as a sexual lubricant, as it may increase the risk for bacterial vaginosis,[8] damage latex condoms,[9][10][11] and is not recommended for internal use.[12]
Topical application
As a petrolatum product, Vaseline is used as a topical moisturizer which assists with skin water retention by acting as an occlusive agent that prevents evaporation of water from the stratum corneum (outermost skin layer) and seals out external water.[12][7] Vaseline is intended for external use only, and is not recommended for deep skin cuts or punctures, animal bites, or serious burns.[7] Topical petrolatum products like Vaseline are used to manage and relieve atopic dermatitis and eczema in adults.[12][13]
Vaseline contains mineral oils.[7] Unrefined mineral oils often contain adulterants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can increase risk for certain forms of cancer when consumed orally.[14] When used topically (as is recommended with Vaseline), dermal absorption of PAHs is insignificant.[15] No link between topical petroleum jelly-based moisturizers and cancer has been found in large studies over many years.[16]
External links
References
- Definition of Vaseline The Free Dictionary, retrieved 7 November 2013^
- Define Vaseline Dictionary.com, retrieved 7 November 2013^
- Also pronounced with the main stress on the last syllable.^
- Phyllis L. Speser. The Art and Science of Technology Transfer John Wiley & Sons, 2012^
- The History of Vaseline Petroleum Jelly began in the Pennsylvania Oil Fields!, Drake Well Museum pamphlet, copyright 1996 by Holigan Group Ltd, Dallas, Texas^
- Webster's Unabridged Dictionary (1913)^
- Petrolatum topical Drugs.com, 23 February 2021, retrieved 4 November 2022^
- Joelle M. Brown, Eugenie Poirot, Kristen L. Hess, Stephen Brown, Michele Vertucci, Marjan Hezareh. Motivations for Intravaginal Product Use among a Cohort of Women in Los Angeles PLOS ONE, 11 March 2016^
- Kimberly A. Workowski, Laura H. Bachmann, Philip A. Chan, Christine M. Johnston, Christina A. Muzny, Ina Park, Hilary Reno, Jonathan M. Zenilman. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 MMWR. Recommendations and Reports, 23 July 2021^
- Bruce Voeller, Anne H. Coulson, Gerald S. Bernstein, Robert M. Nakamura. Mineral oil lubricants cause rapid deterioration of latex condoms Contraception, January 1989^
- Ron de Graaf, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Gertjan van Zessen, Cees J. Straver, Jan H. Visser. The effectiveness of condom use in heterosexual prostitution in The Netherlands AIDS, February 1993^
- Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Wynnis L. Tom, Timothy G. Berger, Alfons Krol, Amy S. Paller, Kathryn Schwarzenberger, James N. Bergman, Sarah L. Chamlin. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2014^
- Esther J van Zuuren, Zbys Fedorowicz, Adriana Lavrijsen, Robin Christensen, Bernd Arents. Emollients and moisturisers for eczema Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2016-03-11^
- on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC Working Group. MINERAL OILS, UNTREATED OR MILDLY TREATED Chemical Agents and Related Occupations, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2012, retrieved 4 November 2022^
- B. Chuberre, E. Araviiskaia, T. Bieber, A. Barbaud. Mineral oils and waxes in cosmetics: an overview mainly based on the current European regulations and the safety profile of these compounds Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 7 October 2019^
- Ralph Pirow, Annegret Blume, Nicole Hellwig, Matthias Herzler, Bettina Huhse, Christoph Hutzler, Karla Pfaff, Hermann-Josef Thierse. Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 21 October 2019^