Ural is a series of mainframe computers built in the former Soviet Union.
History
The Ural was developed at the Electronic Computer Producing Manufacturer of Penza in the Soviet Union and was produced between 1956 and 1964. The computer was widely used in the 1960s, mainly in the socialist countries, though some were also exported to Western Europe and Latin America. The Indian Statistical Institute purchased an Ural-1 in 1958.[1]
When the University of Tartu received a new computer in 1965, its old Ural 1 was moved to a science-based secondary school, the Nõo Reaalgümnaasium, making the latter one of the first Soviet secondary schools to receive a computer.[2] The name of the computer was also used to coin the first name for "computer" in Estonian, raal, in use until the 1990s until it was replaced by the word arvuti ("computer"). School 444 in Moscow, Russia started graduating programmers in 1960 and had the Ural computer operating by its students on-premises in 1965.[3]