'''Th. Mann & Co.''' was a German piano factory, existing in Bielefeld, Prussian Province of Westphalia, from 1836 until 1942, as well as instrument shop for pianos and harmoniums with temporary branch offices in Gütersloh, Herford, Detmold, Rinteln and Paderborn.[1][2][3]
Christian Wilhelm Volkening
(occasionally J. Volkening, * around 1807 in Hille,[4] † October 26, 1858 in Bielefeld)[5]
Volkening was an apprentice with Andreas Streicher in Vienna.[6] Following his apprenticeship he went with two other assistants, Klems and Sassenhof, to northern Germany. While Klems continued his work in Düsseldorf and Sassenhof in Bremen, Volkening founded his piano workshop 1836 in Bielefeld.[7]
As a young instrument maker in Bielefeld, Volkening presented his grand pianos and uprights at the General German Trade Exhibition in Berlin in 1844,[8][9]
Theophil Mann sen.
(Occasionally also Theophilus Mann or Theodor Mann, * April 14, 1831, † June 21, 1913) Theophil Mann was born the son of a master ropemaker in Hildesheim. Following his schooldays, he completed a carpentry apprenticeship before gaining an insight into piano construction in the workshop of the court instrument maker J. H. Weykopf in Hanover from 1848 onwards. After a short period, he returned to Hildesheim and worked with organ builder Heinrich Schaper. In 1849 C. W. Volkening called him to Bielefeld.[19] Under Volkening, Th. Mann studied the piano construction industry from the ground up. To deepen his knowledge, Mann made in 1853 visits in the workshops of Ernst Irmler junior in Leipzig, Eduard Voigt and Karl Rönisch in Dresden, Karl Schönberner in Bautzen, Alois Bieber in Munich and Carl Blädel in Stuttgart.[20]
After the death of Volkening, Theophil Mann took over the workshop and continued as "Pianoforte=Fabrik Th. Mann, Bielefeld" (pianoforte factory).[21] His goal was the production of high-quality pianos with a well-trained staff.[6] In the beginning of the company Theophil Mann sen. employed nine workers.[17]
Hermann Steinhaus & Th. Mann & Co.
(Occasionally Wilhelm Steinhaus, * July 17, 1850, † February 9, 1933)[29][30][31]
Hermann Steinhaus was offspring of a respected family from Barmen. Steinhaus came to Bielefeld at the age of 22 and joined the piano factory Th. Mann as partner. From 1972 the factory was trading under the name Th. Mann & Co or Th. Mann & Cie. In some publications, the name was shortened to Mann & Co. or Mann & Cie. In 1875, Th. Mann & Co. began erecting new buildings at the nearby Friedenstraße and the fabrication was converted to steam operation, which resulted in an increase of the body of workers.[32][33]
In the early morning hours of October 19, 1879, a fire broke out in the engine room of the factory, which was located towards the Grabenstrasse. With great effort of the local fire brigades it could be contained and extinguished without spilling over to adjacent buildings.
Theophil Mann jr.
(* 8 February 1873, † March 18, 1935) Due to age, Th. Mann sen. retired in 1905, and his son, who studied at Steinway & Sons in New York, C. Bechstein in London and in Paris, took over the technical management of the company.[41]
Shortly before the outbreak of the First World War, the factory employed 100 workers, who made a piano every five hours, whereby a wagon load was exported weekly by train. At this time Th. Mann pianos were shipped to England, Belgium, Italy and other European countries, as well as overseas.[17]
In 1926, the company celebrated its 90th anniversary with an elaborate jubilee publication.[22]
In the aftermath of the First World War and the loss of access to the world market, the factory operations were in 1930 finally reunited to the site Oberntorwall 29.[17]
As a result of the death of Hermann Steinhaus in February 1933, Theophil Mann jun. became sole owner of the piano factory. Despite the dissolution of the company, the name Th.
Helene Mann
(born Nacken, * October 7, 1878, † November 4, 1939)[43] After the death of Theophil Mann jr., his wife continued the business.[44]
The 100th anniversary was celebrated in 1936 with an extensive festival program.[45]
Max Porth
(* 1886, † 1943)
In 1942 the Berlin merchant and piano dealer Max Porth bought the factory. With that, the procuration of Rudolf Rosenberger ended. By that time, a business was in progress.[46]
End of production
Nothing is known about the actual stop of production. The highest opus number recorded in the literature is stated to be 20,000 for the year 1938.[47] In most cases 1938 or 1939 are mentioned for the year the production discontinued.[1][5]
The factory buildings were allegedly victims of the bombing in the Second World War, in which large parts of Bielefeld city center were destroyed. Aerial views of the 1950s show a vacant lot on the site of the parent company. Furthermore, the object Oberntorwall 29 is listed as totally destroyed for the post-war period.[48]
Patents, utility models and special designs
- 1874: "Peculiar arrangement of pianos and grand pianos."[49]
- 1874, April 10: "Improvement in the construction of Grand Pianos and Pianinos to improve the tuning duration."[50]
- Before Nov. 1884: Mann & Co's Capo d'Astro.[51]
- 1885, March 20, DRP 35688: "Invention of the exposure of the soundboard, whereby the disk lies far away from the bridge in the treble, but the strings are held at the correct distance from the bridge by a narrow string. As a result, an area of the soundboard is freed from the iron plate, which is of great importance for the spread of sound. (...)"[52]
- 1885, July 26, DRP 35690: "Attachment of the strings for pianos and alike"[53]
Instruments in public collections
- The foremost piano played by Franz Liszt and made by Volkening in 1840 is located in the Museum of Musical Instruments of the University of Leipzig.[61]
- In the musical instrument collection of the Cincinnati Art Museum is a "Grand Piano" by C.W. Volkening.[62]
- In the inventory of the Museum of Musical Instruments Brussels is a black pianino by Th. Mann & Co., allegedly created around 1900.[63]
Instrument makers in Bielefeld
Other instrument makers in Bielefeld were August Festing, whose workshop existed from 1901 to 1933, and Louis Ext, whose company emerged from the operation of the instrument maker and pianostudio Heinrich Ext (Kreuzstraße 645b[64]) and filed for bankruptcy in April 1887.[65] In his doctoral thesis, Jürgen Oberschelp also mentioned W. Pohlmann and H. Steinhaus. Latter is probably identical to the partner in Th. Mann & Co., Hermann Steinhaus.[16]