Operations
The first unit arrived in 1982 and was tested on the lines of Madrid–Collado Villalba, Madrid–Almería, Madrid–El Goloso and Madrid–Alcázar de San Juan. The machines were assigned to the depot at Madrid-Aravaca.
Initially the units worked on the Talgo pendular Madrid–A Coruña and alongside the Class 353 on the Talgo pendular Madrid–Paris (at far as the gauge change at Irún). From 25 May 1983: the beginning of the summer service they were also used to pull the Talgo pendular Madrid–Cádiz replacing the electric Japanese Renfe Class 269 which had experienced difficulties due to a non-compensated overhead lines.
Tests conducted with 354-002 and 354-003 between Seville and Jerez de la Frontera had achieved a speed of 160 km/h without encountering any significant problems. However breakdowns of the hydraulic transmissions occur, whilst some units still being in production at the Krauss-Maffei factory in Munich; the unfinished units have the problem corrected before being delivered.
When the eight units became redundant on the Talgo Pendular they were used on conventional trains fitted with a generator van of type "DDT 9450". On 20 February 1984, they replaced the 333.0 on the Extremadura Expreso (Madrid–Badajoz), on 3 June they also began to be used on the Rias Altas Express (Madrid–A Coruña). These services ceased in 1986. Next they were to be seen working the Lusitania expreso between Madrid and Talavera de la Reina.
In 1986, the machines were upgraded for 200 km/h operations making them the fastest in Spain at that time. In 1988, when Renfe decided to reduce the maximum speed, the Japanese designed locomotives to 140 km/h, with the Class 354 and the Renfe Class 250 becoming the only machines that can to ensure operations at 160 km/h.
In 1989, a study was undertaken to convert them to normal operations, but did not proceed very far.
In 1990, they started to work the TALGO train: Madrid–Gijón. 1993 sees them replacing Class 353 units on the Talgo Mare nostrum between Valencia and Cartagena. The same year sees 354-008 out of commercial service and being used to conduct further high speed tests on the new Madrid - Seville line, the unit returned to commercial service in November of that year. An accident in May 1995 means the same unit will be out of action for a year.
The turn of the century brings a series of serious accidents:
At the end of this black series of events the three remaining locomotives are confined to the Talgo pendular between Madrid and Badajoz, and Madrid and Cartagena.
- 4 October 2001, 354-001 catches fire.
- 3 June 2003, 354-007 is completely destroyed in collision with the 333-304.
- 21 May 2004, a head-on collision on Talgo Madrid–Pontevedra–A Coruña line completely destroys 354-002 and 354-003.
- 4 January, 353-004 derails at Tobarra, requiring repairs.
