Red Bull Stratos

Aborted launch

The project's original scheduled launch on the morning of 9 October 2012 was delayed five hours because of weather problems. Technicians at the launch site also found that one of the capsule's communication radios was faulty.[30] At 11:42 MDT,[31] the launch was aborted due to a 40 kph gust of wind at the launch site.[32] The launch was rescheduled for the morning of 11 October,[33] but the project's meteorologist announced that the date would again be postponed.[34]

Launch

The capsule was launched from Roswell International Air Center[35] at 09:30 MDT (15:30 UTC) on 14 October 2012,[31] which was also the 65th anniversary of Chuck Yeager's Bell X-1 flight. The weather at launch was clear, with south-easterly winds blowing at 5.5 kph.[36] The ground temperature was 14 C.[36] Baumgartner's ascent took approximately 21⁄2 hours,[37] after which the capsule levelled at approximately 38 km.[37] A valve in the balloon was used to vent gas to control the ascent.[38]

Shortly after passing the Armstrong limit, Baumgartner expressed concerns that his visor heater was not functioning properly. Mission Control continued with the mission, and 40 minutes later announced that the jump would continue regardless of the reported problem.[38] An abort procedure—which would have seen helium vented from the balloon to allow the capsule to descend—was considered.[38]

After approximately 2 1/2 hours of ascent, Baumgartner and mission control began the egress procedures. This involved depressurisation of the capsule, detachment of his umbilical air supplies, and adjusting the capsule interior ready for decamp.[38] As the final checks were being undertaken, Kittinger said to Baumgartner, "OK, we're getting serious now, Felix".[7]

Jump and descent

Fifteen minutes after the egress checks began, the pressure between the capsule and the outside stabilized and the door opened.[38] One of the last items was for Baumgartner to enable his suit cameras.

Baumgartner dove forward off the ledge at 12:08 MDT (18:08 UTC);[7] after 42 seconds of descent Baumgartner reached his maximum velocity—an unverified 1342 kph.[8] An uncontrolled spin started within the first minute of the jump which could have been fatal, but it ended at 01:23 when Baumgartner regained stability,[7][39] though in a later press conference he likened the fall in the suit to "swimming without feeling the water" as he could not feel the air to give him a sense of direction.[36] Baumgartner had an abort switch that would have allowed deployment of a drogue parachute, which would have arrested the spin but also would have prevented him from breaking any speed records.[7]

After 03:40 of free fall Baumgartner radioed to Mission Control that his visor was fogging up, echoing his earlier concerns about its heating.[40] After 04:16 minutes of free fall he deployed his parachute, which opened and arrested freefall at 4:20 minutes. At the deployment altitude Baumgartner could have continued to fall safely for another 20 seconds, but it was difficult for him to verify his exact altitude. At 12:17 MDT (18:17 UTC), approximately 9 minutes after jumping from the capsule, Baumgartner landed on his feet in eastern New Mexico.[41] Baumgartner dropped to his knees and punched the air before being met by ground crews.[7][36] A helicopter was dispatched to return Baumgartner to the Roswell base.[8]

According to YouTube, the jump was viewed live by over 9.5 million users, setting a record for the "live stream with the most concurrent views ever on YouTube".[42][43][44][45]

The capsule returned to the ground via its own parachute, and landed approximately 70.5 km east of Baumgartner's landing site.[46] While the capsule could theoretically be reused, the balloon was only made for a single use.[47]

Analysis

On 22 February 2013, FAI announced that Baumgartner had broken three of the four planned records.[14]

The jump records Baumgartner attained:[14]

• Exit altitude of 38.9694 km
• Maximum vertical speed (without drogue) of 1357.6 kph
• Vertical distance of freefall (without drogue) of 36402.6 m

Timeline

The timeline for the mission was split into eight stages.[48] Stages 1 and 2 covered the balloon's ascent, stages 3–7 covered the descent and landing, and stage 8 covered the return of the balloon and capsule:

• 1) Launch of balloon with Baumgartner in capsule suspended below canopy
• 2) *Completed at approximately 09:30 MDT (15:30 UTC)
• 3) Balloon reaches maximum altitude[48]—38969 m—after a 2.5-hour ascent
• 4) *Completed (38.969 km reached[1])
• 5) Baumgartner de-pressurises the capsule, opens the door and jumps
• 6) *Completed (jumped from capsule at approximately 12:07 MDT (18:07 UTC))
• 7) At approximately 30000 m, Baumgartner reaches the speed of sound
• 8) *Achieved Mach 1.25—1357.64 kph[49]—after approximately 00:40 of freefall
• 9) After approximately 3:30 of freefall, air resistance slows Baumgartner as the atmosphere becomes denser
• 10) *Parachute deployed at 4:16 and fully opened by 4:19, earlier than scheduled, preventing the duration milestone from being reached
• 11) Baumgartner deploys his parachute at approximately 2500 m above sea level, and 1500 m above ground level.
• 12) *Completed
• 13) Approximately 5:00 of controlled parachute descent until landing
• 14) *Completed at approximately 12:17 MDT (18:17 UTC)
• 15) Mission control remotely detach the balloon from the capsule; both descend to Earth to be recovered
• 16) *Completed

• The following table shows the ascent of the capsule from ground to top altitude in altitude (ft) and velocity (ft/min) versus time (min).