One-dollar salary

A one-dollar salary is a method used when a business executive or government employee wishes to work without direct compensation, but must receive a salary above zero to legally distinguish them from a volunteer.[1][2][3] The concept first emerged in the early 1900s, when various American leaders of industry offered their services to the government during times of war. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, many executives began accepting one-dollar salaries—often in the case of struggling companies or startups—with the potential for further indirect earnings as the result of stock ownership. Many choose to reduce their salary to avoid income taxes.[4]

Dollar-a-year men

In the early-to-mid-20th century, "dollar-a-year men" were business and government executives who helped the government mobilize and manage American industry during periods of war, notably World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. U.S. law generally forbids the government from accepting the services of unpaid volunteers,[5] but specific authorities exist within some agencies.[6][7] Those employed by the government had to be paid a nominal salary, and the salary establishes their legal relationship as employees of the government.[8] During World War I, about 1,000 such people were employed by the United States.[9] While they received only a dollar in salary from the government, most executives had their salaries paid by the companies.

The first known such employee was Gifford Pinchot, working for Theodore Roosevelt.

Recent examples

Some recent one-dollar salary earners worked in government as well, most notably former California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger,[23] former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney,[24] and former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.[25]

After promising to take only a dollar a year in November 2016, U.S. President Donald Trump in his first term donated the first three months of his salary to the National Park Service and stated plans to donate all of his salary during the term.[26][27][28]

Instances of alternative compensation

While many executives who take a one-dollar salary also choose not to take any other forms of compensation, a number earn millions more in bonuses and/or other forms of compensation. For example, in 2010–11 Oracle's founder and CEO Larry Ellison made only $1 in salary, but earned over $77 million in other forms of compensation.[33]

In some cases, in lieu of a salary, the executives receive stock options.[34][35] In the United States, this approach impacts personal tax liability, because although stock and option grants are taxed at federal income rates, they may be exempt from some portion of payroll taxes (typically 7.65%) used to fund Social Security and Medicare.[36]

Notable one-dollar salary earners

The following people have been employed for annual salaries of one dollar:

• Arnold Schwarzenegger (former Governor of California)[38]
• Darren Entwistle (TELUS)[39]
• David Filo (Yahoo!)[40]
• David Lloyd George (former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom)
• Donald Trump (in his first term as President of the United States)

See also

• Peppercorn (legal)

Further reading