Malyshev Factory — BrandWiki

Malyshev Factory

Overview

Malyshev Factory

native name	Завод імені В.О. Малишева
type	State-owned
foundation	1945 (initially in 1895)
location city	Kharkiv
location country	Ukraine
industry	Defense Machine
products	Tanks, locomotives, ship parts
num employees	5000 (2015)
parent	Ukroboronprom

The Malyshev Factory (abbreviated ), formerly the Kharkov Locomotive Factory, is a state-owned manufacturer of heavy equipment in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It was named after the Soviet politician Vyacheslav Malyshev. The factory is part of the state concern, Ukroboronprom.

It produces diesel engines, farm machinery, coal mining, sugar refining, and wind farm equipment, but is best known for its production of Soviet tanks, including the BT tank series of fast tanks, the famous T-34 of the Second World War, the Cold War T-64 and T-80, and their modern Ukrainian successor, the T-84. The factory is closely associated with the Morozov Design Bureau (KMDB), designer of military armoured fighting vehicles and the Kharkiv Engine Design Bureau (KEDB)[1] for engines. In 1958, it developed the Kharkovchanka, an off-road vehicle which reached the South Pole the following year.

At its height during the Soviet era, the factory employed 60,000 of Kharkiv's 1.5 million inhabitants.

As of 2015, 5,000 people worked at the factory.[2]

History

The Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ) built about 20% of the Russian Empire's railway engines. After the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Soviet government in Ukraine, the factory was put to work designing and building tractors and, after 1927, tanks. The Leningrad's Bolshevik Factory and the Kharkov's KhPZ in 1929 became the first two Soviet tank factories to be modernized with German assistance under the Treaty of Rapallo, 1922.

Tank production

A tank design bureau was established in the factory in 1928, one of several which would be responsible for some of the most successful tanks ever built, and eventually become the Morozov Design Bureau. The KhPZ designed and produced twenty-five T-24 tanks, then nearly eight thousand BT fast tanks. It also built a handful of multi-turreted T-35 tanks.

Shortly before the German invasion of the Soviet Union the KhPZ started series production of the T-34, the most-produced tank of World War II. Series production began in June 1940 in Kharkov, and later in the Stalingrad Tractor Plant and Krasnoye Sormovo Shipbuilding Plant. In 1941, due to German advances, the factory and design shops were evacuated to the Ural Mountains;[2] the plant was merged with Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil into one enterprise called Ural Tank Plant No. 183.

After Soviet victory over the Germans, it began production of the new T-44 tank in 1945, and the first prototypes of the T-54. After the war was over, the design bureau and factory gradually transferred all operations back to Kharkov.[2] The "No. 183" designation was left in Nizhny Tagil, while in Kharkov the factory merged into Factory No. 75, a previously existing plant known for its T-34 diesel engines. T-54 production was started in the Urals and Kharkov in 1947–1948, and the move ended with the 1951 re-establishment of the Design Bureau, now called KB-60M, in Kharkov. In 1957, the Factory No. 75 was renamed Malyshev Plant, and next year it took up production of T-55, the most-produced tank ever. The bureau also designed OT-54 and TO-55 flame-thrower tanks, for production at the Omsk Transport Machine Construction Plant. In 1967, T-64 tank production began here, as well as in the Kirov Plant and in the Uralvagonzavod.[3] The T-80 tank, with a high performance gas turbine engine was produced beginning in 1983,[4] followed in 1985 by a more conventional diesel model, T-80UD.

Finished tanks were assembled in several plants, but Soviet industrial planning prevented any region from being able to establish independent arms production. Components and sub-assemblies were produced in different factories, the Malyshev Factory specializing in engines and transmissions.

In independent Ukraine

The Malyshev factory's million-square-metre facility produced 800 tanks in 1991, but underwent difficult times after the breakup of the Soviet Union, producing only 46 tanks until 1996, when a $650 M contract was signed to supply 320 T-80UD tanks to Pakistan.[5] Fulfilling the contract was difficult — the distributed nature of Soviet military industry forced reliance on Russian factories for parts, and Russian political interference forced the development of local capabilities, resulting in the T-84 tank design.[6]

Like many Ukrainian industries, Malyshev was not allowed to negotiate contracts directly with foreign governments, but had to rely on Ukrspetsexport, a government arms-trading company. Although Malyshev was denied exporter status in July 1999, it was given this status by decree of President Leonid Kuchma in November of that year, a move seen to be an election gift to Kharkiv Oblast. Malyshev joined as the leader of thirty-four companies to form an export consortium called Ukrainian Armored Vehicles.

Malyshev has demonstrated main battle tanks to Turkey, Greece, and Malaysia, and has entered into a contract to supply engines for Chinese-made Al-Khalid tanks for Pakistan. In September 2000, a deal was signed to modernize Soviet-made tanks and armoured personnel carries for the United Arab Emirates. The Malyshev factory also manufactures parts for

Production

Locomotives

Locomotive production was performed from 1897 to 1969. Until the invasion of Soviet Union by Germany in 1941, the factory was producing steam locomotives which were produced on several factories of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. After the war and rebuilding of the factory in 1947, it produced diesel locomotives until 1969.

1897–1915 Russian locomotive class O (particularly Од and Ов)
1906–1916 Russian locomotive class Shch
1912–1919 Russian locomotive class S (about 9 were produced in the Ukrainian State in 1918–19)
1915–1917 Russian locomotive class E (possibly through 1935)
1924–1951 Russian locomotive class S (enforced)
1935–1941 Soviet locomotive class SO
1939–1941 Tender with water heating for SO18
1947–1950 TE1 (along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash and the Moscow Dynamo)
1948–1955 TE2 (along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash)
1953–1973 TE3 (along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash, the Luhanskteplovoz and the Kolomna Factory)
1952–1952 TE4 (only one built as experimental, based on TE2)
1948–1948 TE5 (only two built as experimental, based on TE1)
1956-1964 TE7 (along with the Luhanskteplovoz, based on TE3)
1958-1997 TE10 (along with the Luhanskteplovoz)
1961-1968 TEP10 (initially as TE11)
1964-1968 2TE40 (along with the Kharkov Elektrotyazhmash, only five built as experimental)

Tracked vehicles

Specialized in tank building, the factory also was manufacturing artillery tractors, while initially as agricultural tractors.

1924-1931 Communard (used in agriculture)
1935-1940 Comintern
1939-1941 Voroshylovets
400-series
1958-1958 Kharkovchanka, special purpose vehicle for Antarctica (4th Soviet Antarctic Expedition)

Engines

Notable diesel engines from Kharkov include the 1472 kW 2D100 (used in the TE3 locomotive) and the 2208 kW 10D100 (used in the TE10 locomotive). Both were 10 cylinder opposed piston two-stroke diesel engines of the 1950s.[12] Another engine in this series, the 12 cylinder 9D100 was less successful and was not widely used.