M1 (Singaporean company)

1994–2002: Early years

M1 was founded as a consortium known as MobileOne[1] in Singapore in 1994.[2] Cable & Wireless plc, Hong Kong Telecom, Keppel Telecommunications, and Singapore Press Holdings all owned stake in the company at its outset. In May 1995, it became the first firm (outside of government-owned Singtel) to acquire a cellular license and one of three to receive a paging license from the Telecommunications Authority of Singapore.[1] The company's first CEO, Neil Montefiore, was appointed in 1996.[3]

In January 1997 in the lead-up to the deregulation of the telecommunications industry in Singapore, MobileOne offered a free trial of its cellular service to build market share.[4] On 1 April 1997, MobileOne was officially allowed to conduct business as a mobile phone operator.[5] By June 1998, the company had a valuation of $1 billion (SGD).[6] In 2000, MobileOne launched its own GPRS service, becoming the first telecom company in Singapore to do so.[7] Over the course of 2000 and 2001, MobileOne transferred all of its customers from a CDMA network to a GSM-1800 network.[8]

In 2001, the firm signed an agreement with Nokia to help expand its GSM network. It had around 880,000 subscribers at that time,[9] accounting for around one-third of the mobile phone market in Singapore.[10] In July 2002, M1 signed another agreement with Nokia which would see the latter supply M1's nationwide MMS system, expanding its future 3G capabilities.[11]

2002–2009: IPO, ventures into 3G and broadband

MobileOne had its IPO in December 2002 and began trading on the Singapore Exchange under the stock ticker symbol, MONE.[12][13] In May 2004, M1 introduced POINT, a music recognition service.[14] Later that year, MobileOne enlisted Taiwanese boy band, 5566, to promote the company's prepaid "M Card" in a series of ads.[15] 2004 also saw M1 partner with Google on an image search feature[16] and begin push-to-talk trials with enterprise customers in Singapore.[17]

In February 2005, the company introduced prepaid cards that allowed for free incoming calls.[18] It also launched its consumer 3G services, becoming the first Singapore-based operator to do so.[19] In August 2005, SunShare Investments–a joint venture between Telekom Malaysia and Malaysia's government-run investment arm, Khazanah Nasional–acquired a 12.06% stake in M1 from Great Eastern Telecommunications (a separate joint venture with Cable & Wireless and PCCW as owners). With those shares, SunShare increased its ownership stake in M1 to 17.7%.[20] By March 2006, SunShare's stake had grown again to 27.55%.[21]

In December 2006, MobileOne introduced Singapore's first 3.5G wireless broadband service. Known as M1 Broadband, the service used High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology to achieve internet connection speeds of up to 3.6 Mbit/s.[22] In April 2008, Telekom Malaysia (TM) demerged from one of its mobile and telecom divisions, Axiata. The M1 shares that TM held through its SunShare Investments arm were then diverted to Axiata.[23] In August of that year, the company entered into the fixed broadband sector. M1 Fixed Broadband used StarHub Cable's existing open access network to connect its service.[24] In January 2009, it was announced that Neil Montefiore would step down as CEO of MobileOne.[25] CFO Karen Kooi was named acting CEO before being appointed to the position permanently in April 2009.[26]

In 2009, M1 began offering prepaid 3G broadband service[27] and instituted a mobile handset rental program called "Take3."[28] It also launched a near-field communication NFC pilot program in a partnership with Citibank and Visa.[29] In September 2009, M1 acquired Singaporean internet service provider, Qala, with the goal of entering the corporate fixed broadband market.[30] The acquisition of Qala also allowed the company to begin offering ADSL broadband.[31]

2010–2017: Rebrand as M1, introduction of LTE and NB-IoT

In April 2010, MobileOne officially changed its name to M1.[32] In September of that year, M1 became the first Singaporean company to announce a 1 Gbit/s fiber optic internet plan. It also began offering four other internet plans to businesses and consumers.[33] In June 2011, M1 launched the first commercial LTE service in Southeast Asia, with coverage initially centered on the financial district.[34]

In April 2013, M1 announced that it would spend up to $85 million to modernize its mobile networks, as well as to deploy a nationwide 3G radio network on the 900 MHz frequency band. The project was completed by the first quarter of 2014.[35]

In 2015, M1 was named the service provider of the Home Access program by the Infocomm Development Authority Of Singapore, which would see the company offer subsidised rates for broadband internet access to low-income households.[36] In April that year, it began offering Voice over LTE (VoLTE) on its 3G and 4G networks.[37] The following month, M1 acquired a 15% stake in the Oman telecom company, TeO, through its subsidiary, M1 TeliNet.[38] In June 2015, M1 launched a cashless, mobile point of sale service in collaboration with Mastercard, CIMB, and Wirecard. The service allows small businesses to accept credit, debit, and prepaid card payments using their smartphones or tablets.[39] M1 entered into an agreement in July 2015 to host the postpaid mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), Liberty Wireless, on its network under the brand name Circles Asia.[40] In April 2017, M1's 2G network (along with all other 2G networks in Singapore) was shut down.[41]

In early 2016, M1 achieved 4G peak download speeds of more than 1 Gbit/s and peak upload speeds in excess of 130 Mbit/s through a collaboration with Huawei.[42] In March of that year, M1 introduced an NFC-enabled service that would allow users to pay transit fares with their smartphones.[43] It also began providing Wi-Fi for M1 customers on public transit vehicles.[44] In April 2017, M1's 2G network (along with all other 2G networks in Singapore) was shut down.[45] That month, M1 also introduced a digital mobile remittance service.[46] In August 2017, M1 launched Southeast Asia's first commercial nationwide narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) network.[47] Throughout 2017 and 2018, M1 worked with both Huawei and Nokia on a series of 5G trials, one of which used M1's NB-IoT network.[48] In March 2018, M1 announced a partnership with Keppel Electric that would see the two entities bundling price packages for mobile and electricity services in preparation of the launch of the Open Electricity Market in Singapore in 2019.[49]

2018–present: Keppel, SPH, delisting, and 5G

Karen Kooi officially stepped down as CEO of M1 in 2018 and was replaced by former Pareteum Asia CEO, Manjot Singh Mann.[50] Also that month, M1 agreed to provide a wireless private network that would cover all of Singapore's Jurong Port,[51] and it made digital eSIM services available on select iPhones on its network for the first time.[52]

In February 2019, Singapore Press Holdings (SPH) and the Keppel Corporation (through their joint venture, Connectivity Ltd) completed a buyout of Axiata's shares in M1, which totaled 28.7%.[53][54] Prior to the buyout, SPH held a 13.45% stake in M1 and Keppel had a 19.33% stake.[55] By the following month, Connectivity held a 94.55% stake in M1 and exercised its right to purchase the remaining shares in the company. It indicated at the time that it would delist M1 from the Singapore Exchange.[56] M1 was officially delisted in April 2019.[57]

In January 2020, it was announced that M1 and fellow telecommunications company, StarHub, would submit a joint bid for one of four 5G licenses to be administered by the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA).[58] The IMDA approved the joint bid along with the solo bid submitted by Singtel in April 2020. M1 will use Nokia's Core platform to build out its 5G network and provide nationwide 5G coverage by 2025.[59][60]

By 2021, 90 percent of M1's back-end system had been shifted to the cloud, and its 200 databases had been removed in favor of a large "data lake." According to the company, this technological shift was part of an effort to provide more flexibility to create new services and engage consumers. In February of that year, the company announced that it would be offering three new mobile plans with customizable options.[2] This was part of a rebrand where the company introduce a new logo, expand the functionality of its "My M1+" mobile app, and focus on becoming "Singapore's first digital network operator." It also launched the "Be" campaign, a marketing effort highlighting seven Singaporeans and their individuality.[61]

On 11 August 2025, Keppel announced it will sell its 83.9 per cent effective stake in M1 to Simba Telecom.[62] While Simba will acquire the telecommunication portion of M1,[63] Keppel will retain M1’s enterprise business.[62] The sale is still pending Infocomm Media Development Authority's approval.[62]