List of visitors to the International Space Station

This is a list of all of the visitors to the International Space Station (ISS), including long-term crew, short-term visitors, and space tourists, in alphabetical order. ISS crew names are in bold. The suffix (twice, three times, ...) refers to the individual's number of spaceflights to the ISS, not the total number of spaceflights. Entries without a flag symbol indicate that the individual was an American citizen at launch. Entries without a female symbol are men.

Statistics

As of April 8, 2024, 250 individuals[1] have made 411 spaceflights to the ISS, including the seven people currently at the ISS (Expedition 74). Two people have made five spaceflights to the ISS, while five people have made four, 36 people made three and 84 people made two. Note that this list assigns individuals with dual citizenship to their country of primary residence at time of launch (for example, the Iranian-American space tourist Anousheh Ansari is only listed under the United States).

Initially all private space travel was aboard the Russian Soyuz spacecraft. When only two crew members are required in the three-seat Soyuz, and additional cargo is not sent, the additional seat is sold to the general public through Space Adventures. Private travelers would remain on the ISS during handover from one expedition crew to the next, generally a week or two. The NASA Space Shuttle carried seven crew members, and the longest docking with the ISS was 11 days. Many visitors to the ISS were accommodated for short periods during NASA shuttle dockings.

NASA stated it was "not interested" in private spaceflight during construction of the ISS, but eventually began allowing up to two flights per year in 2019, with the first private visitors arriving at the US Orbital Segment in 2022 on a SpaceX Crew Dragon.[2][3][4]

Long-term ISS crew, by nationality

All visitors, by nationality

All visitors, by agency

A

  • Joe Acaba (three times)[6][7]
  • Viktor Afanasyev 🇷🇺[8]
  • Aydyn Aimbetov 🇰🇿[9]
  • Ali AlQarni 🇸🇦[10]
  • Scott D. Altman[11]
  • Clayton C. Anderson (twice)[12][13]
  • Anousheh Ansari Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇮🇷 / 🇺🇸 (tourist)[14]
  • Dominic A. Antonelli (twice)[6][15]
  • Lee J. Archambault (twice)[6][12]
  • Richard R. Arnold[6]
  • Oleg Artemyev 🇷🇺 (three times)[16]
  • Jeffrey S. Ashby (twice)[17][18]
  • Nichole Ayers Pink Venus symbol.svg

B

C

  • Robert D. Cabana[40]
  • Charles J. Camarda[41]
  • Zena Cardman Pink Venus symbol.svg (currently onboard)
  • Josh A. Cassada
  • Christopher J. Cassidy (twice)[42][43][44]
  • Gregory E. Chamitoff (twice)[45][46]
  • Franklin R. Chang-Diaz 🇨🇷 / 🇺🇸[47]
  • Raja Chari
  • Leroy Chiao (twice)[48][49]
  • Catherine G. Coleman Pink Venus symbol.svg[50]
  • Nikolai Chub 🇷🇺[51]
  • Eileen M. Collins Pink Venus symbol.svg[41]
  • Larry Connor (tourist)
  • Kenneth D. Cockrell (twice)[52][47]
  • Timothy J. Creamer[53]
  • Samantha Cristoforetti Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇮🇹 (twice)[54]
  • Frank L. Culbertson[22]
  • Robert L. Curbeam (twice)[52][55]
  • Nancy J. Currie Pink Venus symbol.svg[40]

D

  • Frank De Winne 🇧🇪 (twice)[56][57]
  • Vladimir Dezhurov 🇷🇺[22]
  • Takao Doi 🇯🇵[24]
  • Matthew Dominick[58]
  • Benjamin A. Drew (twice)[20]
  • Pyotr Dubrov 🇷🇺
  • Brian Duffy[48]
  • Pedro Duque 🇪🇸[59]
  • James P. Dutton[13]
  • Tracy E. Caldwell-Dyson Pink Venus symbol.svg (three times)[60][61]

E

  • Léopold Eyharts 🇫🇷[62]
  • Jeanette J. Epps[[Image:Pink Venus symbol.svg|8px|♀]][63]

F

G

  • Ronald J. Garan (twice)[45][30]
  • Marc Garneau 🇨🇦[27]
  • Richard A. Garriott (tourist)[66]
  • Michael L. Gernhardt[72]
  • Alexander Gerst 🇩🇪 (twice)[73]
  • Alper Gezeravcı 🇹🇷[74]
  • Yuri Gidzenko 🇷🇺 (twice)[75][76]
  • Victor Glover
  • Linda M. Godwin Pink Venus symbol.svg[39]
  • Michael T. Good[15]
  • Alexander Grebenkin 🇷🇺[77]
  • Aleksandr Gorbunov 🇷🇺
  • Umberto Guidoni 🇮🇹[17]

H

  • Chris Hadfield 🇨🇦 (twice)[17][78]
  • Nick Hague (twice)
  • Claudie Haigneré Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇫🇷[8]
  • James D. Halsell[79]
  • Kenneth Ham (twice)[45][15]
  • Susan Helms Pink Venus symbol.svg (twice)[79][80]
  • José M. Hernández[68]
  • John Herrington[34]
  • Joan Higginbotham Pink Venus symbol.svg[55]
  • Robert Hines
  • Yozo Hirano 🇯🇵 (tourist)
  • Kathryn P. Hire Pink Venus symbol.svg[25]
  • Charles O. Hobaugh (three times)[72][60][35]
  • Warren Hoburg[33]
  • Michael S. Hopkins (twice)[81]
  • Scott J. Horowitz (twice)[79][22]
  • Akihiko Hoshide 🇯🇵 (twice)[45][82]
  • Douglas G. Hurley (three times)[42][64][26]
  • Rick Husband[21]

I

  • Marsha S. Ivins Pink Venus symbol.svg[52]
  • Anatoli Ivanishin 🇷🇺 (three times)[38][83][44]

J

  • Tamara E. Jernigan Pink Venus symbol.svg[21]
  • Brent W. Jett (twice)[27][37]
  • Gregory H. Johnson (twice)[24][46]
  • Thomas D. Jones[52]

K

  • Aleksandr Kaleri 🇷🇺 (twice)[59][84]
  • Tibor Kapu 🇭🇺[85]
  • Janet L. Kavandi Pink Venus symbol.svg[72]
  • James M. Kelly (twice)[80][41]
  • Mark E. Kelly (four times)[39][70][45][46]
  • Scott J. Kelly (three times)[60][84][86]
  • Nicole Aunapu Mann[[Image:Pink Venus symbol.svg|8px|♀]]
  • Jonny Kim
  • Robert S. Kimbrough (twice)[29][31]
  • Christina Koch Pink Venus symbol.svg
  • Dmitri Kondratyev 🇷🇺[50]
  • Oleg Kononenko 🇷🇺 (five times)[87][88][89][90][51]
  • Timothy L. Kopra (twice)[42][91]
  • Mikhail Korniyenko 🇷🇺 (twice)[61][86]
  • Sergey Korsakov 🇷🇺
  • Valery Korzun 🇷🇺[47]
  • Oleg Kotov 🇷🇺 (three times)[92][53][81]
  • Konstantin Kozeyev 🇷🇺[8]
  • Sergei Krikalev 🇷🇺 (three times)[40][75][93]
  • Sergey Kud-Sverchkov 🇷🇺
  • André Kuipers 🇳🇱 (twice)[65][88]

L

M

  • Steve MacLean 🇨🇦[37]
  • Yusaku Maezawa 🇯🇵 (tourist)[96]
  • Sandra H. Magnus Pink Venus symbol.svg (three times)[18][29][64]
  • Yuri Malenchenko 🇷🇺 (five times)[11][95][97][82][91]
  • Hazza Al Mansouri 🇦🇪
  • Nicole Aunapu Mann[[Image:Pink Venus symbol.svg|8px|♀]]
  • Thomas H. Marshburn (three times)[42][78]
  • Richard A. Mastracchio (four times)[11][60][13][98]
  • Denis Matveev 🇷🇺
  • Matthias Maurer 🇩🇪
  • Megan McArthur Pink Venus symbol.svg
  • William S. McArthur (twice)[48][99]
  • Anne McClain Pink Venus symbol.svg (twice)
  • Pamela A. Melroy Pink Venus symbol.svg (three times)[48][18][100]
  • Leland D. Melvin (twice)[62][35]
  • Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger Pink Venus symbol.svg[13]
  • Aleksandr Misurkin 🇷🇺 (three times)[43][96]
  • Andreas Mogensen 🇩🇰 (twice)[9][32]
  • Jasmin Moghbeli Pink Venus symbol.svg[32]
  • Lee M. E. Morin[28]
  • Barbara R. Morgan Pink Venus symbol.svg[60]
  • Boris Morukov 🇷🇺[11]
  • Talgat Musabayev 🇷🇺[23] flew in 2001 as a Russian citizen, became citizen of Kazakhstan in 2007[101]

N

  • Paolo Nespoli 🇮🇹 (three times) [100][50][36]
  • James H. Newman[40]
  • Sultan Al Neyadi [33]
  • Soichi Noguchi 🇯🇵 (three times)[41][53]
  • Carlos I. Noriega[27]
  • Oleg Novitskiy 🇷🇺 (three times)[69][102][103]
  • Lisa M. Nowak Pink Venus symbol.svg[70]
  • Karen L. Nyberg Pink Venus symbol.svg (twice)[45][104]

O

  • Ellen L. Ochoa Pink Venus symbol.svg (twice)[21][28]
  • William A. Oefelein[55]
  • Loral O'Hara Pink Venus symbol.svg[51]
  • John D. Olivas (twice)[12][68]
  • Takuya Onishi 🇯🇵 (twice)[83]
  • Yuri Onufrienko 🇷🇺[39]
  • Gregory H. Olsen (tourist)[99]
  • Aleksey Ovchinin 🇷🇺[105] (three times)

P

  • Gennady Padalka 🇷🇺 (four times)[65][19][7][86]
  • Scott E. Parazynski (twice)[17][100]
  • Luca Parmitano 🇮🇹 (twice)[104][106]
  • Mark Pathy 🇨🇦 (tourist)
  • Nicholas J.M. Patrick (twice)[55][25]
  • Julie Payette Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇨🇦 (twice)[21][42]
  • Timothy Peake 🇬🇧[91]
  • Yulia PeresildPink Venus symbol.svg 🇷🇺 (tourist)
  • Philippe Perrin 🇫🇷[47]
  • Dmitry Petelin 🇷🇺
  • Thomas Pesquet 🇫🇷[102][107] (twice)
  • Kirill Peskov 🇷🇺
  • Donald R. Pettit (four times)[34][29][88]
  • John L. Phillips (three times)[6][17][93]
  • Oleg Platonov 🇷🇺 (currently onboard)
  • Alan G. Poindexter (twice)[62][13]
  • Mark L. Polansky (three times)[52][55][42]
  • Marcos Pontes 🇧🇷
  • Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie (twice)[39][24]
  • Sergey Prokopyev 🇷🇺 (twice)

Q

R

  • James F. Reilly (twice)[72][12]
  • Garrett E. Reisman (twice)[24][15]
  • Thomas Reiter 🇩🇪[70]
  • Sergei Revin 🇷🇺[7]
  • Paul W. Richards[80]
  • Stephen K. Robinson (twice)[41][25]
  • Roman Romanenko 🇷🇺 (twice)[57][78]
  • Kent V. Rominger (twice)[21][17]
  • Jerry L. Ross (twice)[40][28]
  • Kathleen Rubins Pink Venus symbol.svg (twice)[83][108]
  • Francisco Rubio
  • Sergey Ryazansky 🇷🇺 (twice) [81][36]
  • Sergey Ryzhikov 🇷🇺 (three times) [31][109]

S

  • David Saint-Jacques🇨🇦
  • Aleksandr Samokutyayev 🇷🇺 (twice)[30][110]
  • Robert L. Satcher[35]
  • Yelena Serova Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇷🇺[110]
  • Hans Schlegel 🇩🇪[62]
  • Piers J. Sellers (three times)[18][70][15]
  • Yuri Shargin 🇷🇺[49]
  • Salizhan Sharipov 🇷🇺[49]
  • William M. Shepherd[75]
  • Klim Shipenko 🇷🇺 (tourist)
  • Anton Shkaplerov 🇷🇺 (four times)[111][38][54]
  • John Shoffner[10]
  • Shubhanshu Shukla 🇮🇳[112]
  • Mark Shuttleworth 🇿🇦 (tourist)[76]
  • Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor 🇲🇾[97]
  • Charles Simonyi 🇭🇺 / 🇺🇸 (tourist) (twice)[92][19]
  • Oleg Skripochka 🇷🇺 (three times)[84][105][113]
  • Aleksandr Skvortsov 🇷🇺 (three times)[61][16][114]
  • Steven L. Smith[28]

T

  • Daniel M. Tani (twice)[39][100]
  • Joseph R. Tanner (twice)[27][37]
  • Evgeny Tarelkin 🇷🇺[69]
  • Andrew S.W. Thomas 🇦🇺/🇺🇸 (twice)[80][41]
  • Robert Thirsk 🇨🇦[57]
  • Scott Tingle
  • Dennis Tito (tourist)[116]
  • Valery Tokarev 🇷🇺 (twice)[21][99]
  • Sergei Treshchev 🇷🇺[47]
  • Mikhail Tyurin 🇷🇺 (three times)[22][14][98]

U

V

  • Ivan Vagner 🇷🇺[44] (twice)
  • Mark T. Vande Hei (twice)[103]
  • Marina Vasilevskaya Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇧🇾
  • Pavel Vinogradov 🇷🇺 (twice)[117][43]
  • Terry W. Virts (twice)[25][54]
  • Roberto Vittori 🇮🇹 (three times)[76][93][46]
  • Sergey Volkov 🇷🇺 (three times)[87][71][9]
  • James S. Voss (twice)[79][80]

W

  • Koichi Wakata 🇯🇵 (five times)[6][48][98]
  • Rex J. Walheim (three times)[28][62][64]
  • Shannon Walker Pink Venus symbol.svg (twice)[118]
  • Walter Villadei 🇮🇹
  • Carl E. Walz
  • Marcus Wandt 🇸🇪/🇳🇴
  • Jessica Watkins Pink Venus symbol.svg
  • Mary E. Weber Pink Venus symbol.svg[79]
  • James D. Wetherbee (twice)[80][34]
  • Douglas H. Wheelock (twice)[100][118]
  • Peggy A. Whitson Pink Venus symbol.svg (four times) [47][97][102][10]
  • Terrence W. Wilcutt[11]
  • Dafydd Williams 🇨🇦[60]
  • Jeffrey N. Williams (four times)[79][117][94][105]
  • Sunita L. Williams Pink Venus symbol.svg (three times)[55][82]
  • Barry E. Wilmore (three times)[35][110]
  • Stephanie D. Wilson Pink Venus symbol.svg (three times)[70][100][13]
  • Reid Wiseman[73]
  • Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski 🇵🇱[119]
  • Peter J. K. Wisoff[48]
  • David A. Wolf (twice)[18][42]

X

Y

  • Naoko Yamazaki Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇯🇵[13]
  • Yi So-Yeon Pink Venus symbol.svg 🇰🇷[87]
  • Kimiya Yui 🇯🇵 (twice)[89] (currently onboard)
  • Fyodor Yurchikhin 🇷🇺 (five times) [18][92][118][104][67]

Z

  • Sergei Zalyotin 🇷🇺[56]
  • George D. Zamka 🇨🇴/🇺🇸(twice)[100][25]
  • Alexey Zubritsky 🇷🇺

See also

  • List of International Space Station crew
  • List of astronauts by name

References

  1. Mark Garcia. Visitors to the Station by Country NASA, 2016-05-10, retrieved 2020-06-18^
  2. Andrew Bridges. The ISS won't be hosting paying guests anytime soon - at least not as far as NASA is concerned SPACE.com, 2000-11-01^
  3. NASA Opens International Space Station to New Commercial Opportunities, Private Astronauts - NASA News Release - NASA^
  4. Axiom-1: First all-private crew launches to space station BBC News, 8 April 2022, retrieved 2 October 2023^
  5. Philippe Perrin retrieved 2013-09-26^
  6. STS-119 mission summary retrieved 2009-03-18^
  7. Expedition 31 Crew Launches to Station retrieved 2012-05-14^
  8. Soyuz 3 Taxi Flight Crew 2002-09-04^
  9. Soyuz TMA-18M docks to increase ISS crew size to nine 2015-09-03^
  10. Michael Baylor. Falcon 9 Block 5 - Axiom Mission 2 (AX-2) Next Spaceflight, retrieved 25 April 2023^
  11. STS-106 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  12. STS-117 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  13. STS-131 mission information retrieved 2010-04-07^
  14. Expedition 14 mission overview retrieved 2008-11-19^
  15. STS-132 mission information retrieved 2010-05-16^
  16. Soyuz crew welcomed aboard space station CBS News, 2014-03-27^
  17. STS-100 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  18. STS-112 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  19. ISS Expedition 19 Crew retrieved 2009-03-29^
  20. STS-133 mission summary retrieved 2011-02-26^
  21. STS-96 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  22. STS-105 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  23. Soyuz 2 Taxi Flight Crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  24. STS-123 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  25. STS-130 Mission Information retrieved 2010-02-10^
  26. NASA Assigns Crews to First Test Flights, Missions on Commercial Spacecraft NASA, August 3, 2018, retrieved August 4, 2018^
  27. STS-97 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  28. STS-110 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  29. STS-126 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  30. Expedition 27 Prepares to Launch retrieved 2011-04-10^
  31. Soyuz MS-02 spacecraft docks with Expedition 49/50 crew 21 October 2016, retrieved 2016-10-23^
  32. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-7 Heads for Multi-Mission designnews.com, 2023-09-18, retrieved 2023-09-19^
  33. Claire O’Shea. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-6 Safely Returns to Earth Near Florida Coast NASA, 2023-09-04, retrieved 2023-09-19^
  34. STS-113 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  35. STS-129 mission summary retrieved 2009-11-23^
  36. Vita mission live retrieved 2017-08-08^
  37. STS-115 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  38. New Trio Welcomed Aboard Station, Gets to Work retrieved 2011-11-16^
  39. STS-108 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  40. STS-88 mission summary retrieved 2008-11-19^
  41. STS-114 Return To Flight mission overview retrieved 2008-11-19^
  42. STS-127 mission summary retrieved 2009-07-21^
  43. New Crew Aboard Station After Express Flight retrieved 2013-03-28^
  44. ISS crew blast off after long quarantine BBC News, 9 April 2020, retrieved 2 June 2020^
  45. STS-124 Missioin Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  46. STS-134 mission summary retrieved 2011-05-18^
  47. STS-111 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  48. STS-92 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  49. Expedition 10 crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  50. ISS Expedition 26 Crew retrieved 2010-12-18^
  51. Russia's Soyuz MS-24 launches crew for up to yearlong stay on space station collectSPACE.com, retrieved 2023-09-19^
  52. STS-98 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  53. ISS Expedition 22 Crew retrieved 2009-12-23^
  54. New Trio Joins Expedition 42 During Crew Greeting Ceremony 2014-11-24^
  55. STS-116 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  56. TMA-1 Soyuz Taxi Flight 5 crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  57. ISS Expedition 20 Crew retrieved 2009-05-29^
  58. NASA's SpaceX Crew-8 - NASA retrieved 2024-02-13^
  59. ISS Expedition 8 Crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  60. STS-118 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  61. ISS Expedition 23 Crew retrieved 2010-04-05^
  62. STS-122 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  63. NASA's SpaceX Crew-8 - NASA retrieved 2024-02-13^
  64. STS-135 mission summary retrieved 2011-07-10^
  65. ISS Expedition 9 Crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  66. ISS Expedition 18 retrieved 2008-11-19^
  67. Soyuz MS-04 delivers two-member crew to ISS 19 April 2017, retrieved 2017-04-19^
  68. STS-128 Mission Information retrieved 2009-08-30^
  69. New Trio Launches to Join Expedition 33 retrieved 2012-10-24^
  70. STS-121 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  71. ISS Expedition 28 Crew retrieved 2011-06-10^
  72. STS-104 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  73. Arrival of Expedition 40 Trio Expands Station Crew to Six retrieved 2014-05-28^
  74. Erdogan inaugure le TEKNOFEST et dévoile le nom du premier astronaute turc qui participera à une mission dans l'espace Anadolu News Agency, retrieved 2023-12-10^
  75. ISS Expedition 1 crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  76. Soyuz TM-34 Taxi Flight 4 crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  77. NASA's SpaceX Crew-8 - NASA retrieved 2024-02-13^
  78. New Expedition 34 Crew Members Welcomed Aboard Station 2012-12-21^
  79. STS-101 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  80. STS-102 mission archive retrieved 2008-11-19^
  81. New Expedition 37 Trio Welcomed Aboard Station retrieved 2013-09-25^
  82. Expedition 32 Crew Launches to Station retrieved 2012-07-14^
  83. ISS crew increases to six with Soyuz MS-01 docking 9 July 2016, retrieved 2016-07-12^
  84. ISS Expedition 25 retrieved 2010-10-10^
  85. Jeff Foust. Hungary and Poland to join India on Ax-4 SpaceNews, August 5, 2024, retrieved August 9, 2024^
  86. Year in Space Starts for One American and One Russian 2015-03-27^
  87. ISS Expedition 17 retrieved 2008-11-19^
  88. ISS Expedition 30 Crew retrieved 2011-12-23^
  89. Soyuz TMA-17M successfully docks to ISS 2015-07-22^
  90. USSR / Russian cosmonauts www.spacefacts.de, retrieved 2021-11-08^
  91. Soyuz TMA-19M docks with ISS in landmark moment for UK spaceflight 14 December 2015, retrieved 2015-12-15^
  92. ISS Expedition 15 retrieved 2008-11-19^
  93. ISS Expedition 11 retrieved 2008-11-19^
  94. ISS Expedition 21 Crew retrieved 2009-10-02^
  95. ISS Expedition 7 Crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  96. Soyuz MS-20 space tourism flight docks with ISS retrieved 2021-12-07^
  97. ISS Expedition 16 Crew retrieved 2008-11-19^
  98. Nine Member Crew Ready for Spacewalk and Undocking NASA, 2013-11-08^
  99. ISS Expedition 12 retrieved 2008-11-19^
  100. STS-120 Mission Information retrieved 2008-11-19^
  101. Musabaev joined Kazakhstani political party Nur Otan (in Russian) retrieved 2016-03-05^
  102. Soyuz MS-03 completes ISS docking with Expedition 50 crew 19 November 2016, retrieved 2016-11-19^
  103. Robert Z. Pearlmanpublished. Flight attendant becomes 1st Belarusian in space on ISS-bound Soyuz launch Space.com, 2024-03-23, retrieved 2024-03-23^
  104. Station Crew Takes Breather After Launch, Docking retrieved 2013-05-29^
  105. Soyuz TMA-20M docks and delivers three new crewmembers to the ISS 2016-03-18^
  106. , "Spaceflight mission report Soyuz MS-13". spacefacts.de.^
  107. NASA, SpaceX to Launch Second Commercial Crew Rotation Mission to International Space Station 2021-01-29^
  108. Melanie Whiting. Kathleen "Kate" Rubins NASA, 2016-02-21, retrieved 2021-11-08^
  109. USSR / Russian cosmonauts www.spacefacts.de, retrieved 2021-11-08^
  110. Soyuz TMA-14M docks with ISS following array issue 2014-09-25^
  111. Cosmonaut Biography: Anton Shkaplerov^
  112. Shubhanshu Shukla: The Isro pilot taking India back to space after 41 years www.bbc.com, 2025-06-03, retrieved 2025-06-09^
  113. USSR / Russian cosmonauts www.spacefacts.de, retrieved 2021-11-08^
  114. Cosmonaut Biography: Aleksandr Skvortsov Jr. www.spacefacts.de, retrieved 2021-11-08^
  115. Robert Z. Pearlman. Axiom Space Names First Private Crew to Visit Space Station Scientific American, Scientific American, 26 January 2021^
  116. Profile: Tito the spaceman 2001-04-28, retrieved 2019-07-09^
  117. ISS Expedition 13 retrieved 2008-11-19^
  118. ISS Expedition 24 Crew retrieved 2010-04-05^
  119. Jeff Foust. Hungary and Poland to join India on Ax-4 SpaceNews, August 5, 2024, retrieved August 9, 2024^