List of power stations in Iran

In 2012, Iran had roughly 400 power plant units. By the end of 2013, it had a total installed electricity generation capacity of 70,000 MW, up from 90 MW in 1948, and 7024 MW in 1978.[1][2][3] There are plans to add more than 5,000 MW of generation capacity annually to the power grid, which would almost double the total power generation capacity to 122,000 MW by 2022.[4][5] The government of Iran planned to privatize 20 power plants by September 2010.[6] Iran's peak demand for electricity was 45,693 MW during the summer of 2013.[7]

It was predicted in 2014 that Iran would account for 17.08% of MENA power generation. Natural gas was the major fuel used to generate electricity in Iran in 2009, accounting for an estimated 56.8% of primary energy demand (PED), followed by oil at 40.8% and hydroelectricity at 1.4%. As of 2010, the average efficiency of power plants in Iran was 38%. The figure should reach 45% within five years and 50% under Vision 2025.[8][9]

Electricity generation in 2008 accounted for 203.8 TWh, or roughly 1% of world's total production, an increase of 5.9% from the year before. In 2008, the total electricity generated was 190.2 TWh, of which 93.3% was generated by power plants affiliated with the Ministry of Energy and 13.6 TWh (6.7%) by other institutions, which were mostly from the private sector.[10][11] The largest share of electricity (91.1 TWh) was generated by steam power plants, while diesel power plants accounted for the smallest share of generation (0.2 TWh). In 2008, the highest growth in generation of electricity belonged to gas and combined-cycle power plants, with a 9.3% growth rate while, the amount of electricity generated by hydroelectric power plants declined by 1.7%. As of 2010, the consumer price of electricity in Iran was 1.6 US cents per kilowatt-hour, while the real production cost was about 8.0 US cents.[10][12] (See also: Cost of electricity by source)

In 2010, 900,000 jobs were directly or indirectly related to the Iranian power industry. Currently, Iran's spares power capacity stands at 3%, but this amount is much lower than the ideal 25% of peak power used.[12] It has been estimated that 23.5% of the electricity generation is wasted in the transmission network.[12] Iran's power grid has been connected to seven neighboring countries, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan, and annually exports 5.5 TWh of electricity.

Manufacturing

The electric power industry in Iran has become self-sufficient in producing the required equipment to build power plants.[13] While most of the electricity generators are run by the government, the equipment producers and contractors are generally from the private sector.[12] Iran is among the top ten manufacturers of gas turbines, with a capacity of up to 160 megawatts.[14]

Iranian engineers at JEMCO (a subsidiary of IDRO) have developed and produced one- and four-megawatt generators. Iran can manufacture materials for over 80% of hydraulic turbines and over 90% of gas turbines. In the near future, Iran could become a major player in building power plants with advanced technology (2009).[15] Iran planned to build its first indigenous gas turbines by 2015.

Iran has achieved the technical expertise to set up hydroelectric, gas, and combined-cycle power plants.[16] Iran is one of the four countries in the world which can manufacture advanced V94.2 gas turbines.[17] The Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO) is currently building the country's first 4-megawatt (MW) combined heat and power (CHP) turbo-generator in cooperation with the private sector.

Privatization

Mapna Company, Sahand, Bistoun, Shazand, Shahid Montazeri, Tous, Shahid Rajaei, and Neishabour power stations are among the profit-making plants. Work on privatizing them was scheduled to be finalized by late March 2007.[31] Jahrom, Khalij-e Fars (Persian Gulf), and Sahand power plants were to be ceded to the private sector in 2009.[32][33]

All domestic power plants will be privatized gradually, except those the government feels it should run to ensure security of the national electricity grid. Power plants of Damavand, Mashhad, Shirvan, Kerman, Khalij-e Fars, Abadan, Bisotoon, Sanandaj, Manjil and Binalood, which have been turned into public limited firms, are ready for privatization.[34] As of 2010, 20 power plants were ready for privatization in Iran.[35]

Upon ceding the 20 power plants to IPO, some 40% of the capacity of power plants nationwide will be assigned to the private and cooperative sectors.[36] As of 2011, about 45 power plants across the country were to be handed over to the private sector.[37] In 2012, it was announced that Iran's government, which had already turned over 17 of its 45 power plants to the private sector since 2008, would transfer 28 more plants with an estimated value of $11.4 billion (USD), by March 2013.[38]

Energy/electricity bourse

The new energy/electricity bourse will be inaugurated in 2012.[39] This will bring about more competition and transparency in Iran's electricity market.[40] Experts believe that, following the launch of the subsidies reform plan, the electricity industry will undergo significant changes and will become more appealing to private investors.[41]

As at 2012, Iran had over 400 power-plant units and 38 electricity-distribution companies, which buy the electricity from producers. Iran has over 100 companies that consume more than 20 MW of electricity. The average price of each kilowatt-hour of electricity is 450 rials (around 5 cents) during the first phase of the Subsidy Reform Law. The average final price of each kilowatt-hour of electricity will be 1000 rials (around 10 cents) in 2015.[42] According to the government of Iran, power stations have to pay the export price of gas if they want to export electricity and must improve efficiency.[43]

Iran's electricity export and related technical and engineering services exports was valued at $4 billion in 2011.[44] In 2010, the total of Iran's electricity exports to Afghanistan, Iraq (650 MW), Azerbaijan, Armenia, Pakistan, and Turkey reached 878 megawatts, and the total of imports from Armenia (237 MW) and Turkmenistan was recorded at 463 megawatts.[42] Jordan, India, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Syria, and the UAE are the new countries that have expressed interest in buying electricity from Iran.[42]

Waste to energy

Fossil

Geothermal

Hydroelectric

Pumped-storage hydroelectric

Nuclear

Solar

Wind

Others

Decentralized power generation

In addition to the above power plants, there was 1800 MW cumulative installed capacity in 2011, which belonged to small -scale decentralized power plants, some of which were not connected to the national grid, and many being privately built and run. This capacity is planned for increase to more than 10,000 MW with emphasis on renewable energy and trigeneration. Similarly, there was 418 MW of capacity belonging to diesel-based plants supplying hard-to-reach areas.[118][119][120][121][122]

See also

• Iranian Economic Reform Plan
• Energy in Iran

External links

• Iran Water & Power Development Company
• List of dams in Iran
• Tavanir – Iran's Electric Power Generation Organization
• Energy Exchange of Iran
• Specialized reports
• Iran Power Market Outlook to 2030, 55-page report, 2012
• Iran power, 57-page report, 2010
• Thermal Power Market Outlook in Iran to 2020, 78-page report, 2010
• Videos
• Bushehr I and II Nuclear Power Plant, Iran