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List of defunct hard disk manufacturers

At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (including IBM, who invented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions.[1]

Manufacturers

The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers. There are currently manufacturers in this incomplete list.

See also

Further reading

References

  1. History: List of 221 Companies in HDD Manufacturing Since 1956 Computer Data Storage Newsletter, Micro-Journal, March 28, 2013^
  2. Steve Gross. 3M says it plans to give up making disk-drive units Star Tribune, August 10, 1983^
  3. Alps to sell hard-disk head assets to rival TDK Electronic Engineering Times, UBM LLC, March 19, 2007^
  4. Paul Danish. Amcodyne pioneers removable hard disk Journal of Commerce and Commercial, UBM Global Trade, July 19, 1983^
  5. Century Data to Acquire Colorado Disk Drive Firm Los Angeles Times, September 16, 1986^
  6. Frank Piasta. First Ampex Disk Drive System Is 2314-Compatible Computerworld, CW Communications, October 28, 1970^
  7. Memory Systems Computers and Automation, Berkeley Enterprises, June 1964^
  8. Stockholder Blessing on Anelex-Mohawk Data The Boston Globe, October 18, 1967^
  9. Steven Kovsky. Executive exodus troubles Maxtor Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, May 30, 1988^
  10. James A. Martin. Tandon buys Winchester drive maker Computerworld, IDG Publications, April 20, 1987^
  11. Robert Scheier. Tandon dropping disk-drive division, focusing on PC subsystem sales PC Week, Ziff-Davis, 1987^
  12. Alan Alper. Say tighter financing may begin squeezing recent start-ups Electronic News, Reed Business Information, September 10, 1984^
  13. Jonathan Weisman. Tiny disk drive may bring big payoff to Aura The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, February 17, 1992^
  14. Jim Nash. Avatar on crusade to revolutionize hard-disk drives The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, March 28, 1994^
  15. Peterson's Hidden Job Market: 2,000 High-growth Companies That Are Hiring at Four Times the National Average Peterson's Guides, 1998^
  16. Roberta Furger. Rebate or Rip-Off? PC World, IDG Publications, October 1998^
  17. Raytheon nets $2.35 a share The Boston Globe, January 23, 1970^
  18. Supershorts Computerworld, CW Communications, May 31, 1982^
  19. Julie Pitta. CMI co-founder establishes Winchester drive start-up Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, August 11, 1986^
  20. XLO: What It Could Have Been Datamation, Technical Publishing Company, August 1972^
  21. The Bull Group to establish Bull Peripheral in Calif. Computerworld, CW Communications, April 9, 1984^
  22. Merger fallout puts Memorex across Atlantic Computerworld, November 10, 1986^
  23. C. Itoh Full Line of Small Winchester Disk Drives: NP04/03/02 Family C. Itoh & Co., Ltd., March 30, 1985^
  24. January Deliveries From Caelus: Another Independent Disk-Pack Supplier Computerworld, CW Communications, September 20, 1967^
  25. Caelus Plans 3336-11-Type Disk, Will 'Wait and See' on Winchester Computerworld, October 31, 1973^
  26. Electronic Memories and Magnetics Corporation Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments, Harvard University, n.d.^
  27. Calcomp–Xerox Deal Completed Computerworld, March 26, 1979^
  28. Former Rodime team forms Calluna to make 80Mb 1.8[-inch] disk drives Computergram International, GlobalData, December 19, 1992^
  29. Calluna's disk business finally grinds to a halt The Herald, Newsquest Media Group, August 31, 2001^
  30. Jan Kimbrough. Cardiff Peripheral Corp touts 3.5-inch drive Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, September 28, 1987^
  31. MPI Begins Operations Computerworld, CW Communications, August 20, 1975^
  32. Company Formed to Market 5.25-Inch Winchesters Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, February 28, 1983^
  33. J. Moad. Cogito Shelves 20M-Byte Drive, Cuts Staff Electronic News, Sage Publications, May 27, 1985^
  34. Alden M. Hayashi. Hard times for hard drives Electronic Business, Reed Business Information, November 15, 1988^
  35. Comport Corporation OpenCorporates, n.d.^
  36. James Flynn Joins Computer Memory Devices Arizona Republic, November 23, 1969^
  37. Firm expands computer line Arizona Republic, August 23, 1970^
  38. Computer Memory Devices, Inc. OpenCorporates, n.d.^
  39. Ed Frauenheim. Minidrive maker Cornice slapped with another suit CNET, CBS Interactive, June 30, 2004^
  40. Flash Prices Kill Cornice's Disk-Drive Plans ExtremeTech.com, Ziff-Davis, February 26, 2007^
  41. Data Disc Inc. names Stevens new president The Peninsula Times Tribune, April 21, 1969^
  42. Acquisitions Computerworld, CW Communications, March 7, 1977^
  43. Disk/Trend Report – Rigid Disk Drives, June 1977, p. 163^
  44. Disk/Trend Report – Rigid Disk Drives, October 1990, p. MFGR-6^
  45. Xebec Completes Acquisition The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones & Company, April 4, 1984^
  46. Contracts Computerworld, CW Communications, April 29, 1970^
  47. DGI Group – An FKI Babcock Company Camberley News, August 19, 1988^
  48. David C. Mowery. U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance National Academies Press, 1999^
  49. Data-Tech Memories, Inc. OpenCorporates, n.d.^
  50. Martin Bodo. Hard Drive Bible Corporate Systems Center, 1996^
  51. Oral History of George Comstock Computer History Museum, August 13, 2003, retrieved March 23, 2017^
  52. Eric Doyle. Driving range DEC User, EMAP Media, July 1993^
  53. Mergers & Acquisitions Computerworld, CW Communications, December 12, 1983^
  54. N. Love. Disc Tech One Inc. Is Acquired by Hearing Aid Manufacturer Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, September 24, 1984^
  55. Supershots Computerworld, CW Communications, September 27, 1982^
  56. M. Perkowski. Disctron Exits 5.25[-inch] Winchester Disk Drive Fray Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, December 12, 1983^
  57. J. Pitta. Shakeout Continues in Disk Market: DMA Systems Closes Doors after Failing to Land Funds Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, August 12, 1985^
  58. DZU AD (Bulgaria) EMIS, ISI Emerging Markets Group, n.d.^
  59. Jean Jacques Maleval. Ecol. 2 Out of Business Computer Data Storage Newsletter, Micro-Journal, June 1993^
  60. EMM to Acquire Group/3 from Informatics Computerworld, CW Communications, December 12, 1977^
  61. [Unknown title] Mini-Micro Systems, Cahners Publishing, 1985^
  62. Epson Equity II+ Personal Computer Service Manual Epson America, September 1987^
  63. EsPerT Emerges Over the Horizon Korea Trade & Business, KOTRA, 1990^
  64. S. Laughton. Western Digital Puts 20M-byte Disk on Board PC Week, Ziff-Davis, September 3, 1985^
  65. Notice Regarding Structural Reform of the Hard-Disk Business Fuji Electric, April 27, 2011^
  66. Peripheral Equipment: Magnetic Disk Units Historical Computers in Japan, IPSJ Computer Museum, n.d.^
  67. Lucas Mearian. Why Toshiba is buying Fujitsu's HDD business Computerworld, IDG Communications, February 17, 2009^
  68. GE Plant Is Installing High Speed Computer The News-Virginian, November 2, 1962^
  69. J. A. N. Lee. The Rise and Fall of the General Electric Corporation Computer Department IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995^
  70. Magicstor to Launch Large Scale Manufacture of 1 Inch Hard Disk Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, Financial Times Limited, July 24, 2003^
  71. HP 7910 Disc Drive IT History Society, n.d.^
  72. HP shuts down disk drive division CNET, CBS Interactive, July 10, 1996^
  73. ((McGinlay et al.)). U.S. Patent 4,638,383 United States Patent and Trademark Office, January 20, 1987^
  74. Data storage firm occupies new building The Peninsula Times Tribune, February 18, 1969^
  75. Acquisition enables Itel to enter new market The Peninsula Times Tribune, June 25, 1971^
  76. Sperry Rand acquires ISS The Peninsula Times Tribune, July 6, 1973^
  77. Janet Day. 3 From PrairieTek Found New Computer Firm Denver Post, November 6, 1990^
  78. Beth Potter. Integral sold to investor group Boulder County Business Report, Boulder Business Information, June 1, 1998^
  79. Around Minnesota The Minneapolis Star, July 26, 1978^
  80. Background Corvus Systems, 1984^
  81. Tech firm may close Oregon plant Albany Democrat-Herald, September 6, 1984^
  82. Oregon firm gets job The Sacramento Bee, February 23, 1985^
  83. Moody's OTC Industrial News Reports Moody's Investors Service, 1982^
  84. Mini-Frisbees Computerworld, CW Communications, November 12, 1969^
  85. Data Corp. leaving Santa Clara The San Francisco Examiner, August 19, 1976^
  86. M. Brisson. Josephine's Conservative Approach Is Radical Among Start-Ups Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, December 3, 1984^
  87. Josephine County Technology, Inc. PC Tech Journal, Ziff-Davis, 1987^
  88. Josephine County Technology, Inc. OpenCorporates, n.d.^
  89. JVC Releases Hard Drive for Portables and Laptops InfoWorld, IDG Publications, November 10, 1986^
  90. James A. Martin. Kalok KOs Winchester cost, shoots market prices down Computerworld, CW Communications, December 7, 1987^
  91. Michele Hostetler. Jugi Tandon starts disk drive firm with Kalok technology The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, April 3, 1995^
  92. Expansions Computerworld, CW Communications, April 17, 1978^
  93. Peter Lucas. Irwin Magnetics buys into new markets for tape backup Computer Reseller News, UBM LLC, January 18, 1988^
  94. Tony Kontzer. Shareholders left out of arbitration award The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, September 19, 1994^
  95. Pamela Addo. Kyocera drops low-end, goes optical Computer Dealer News, CEDROM-SNi, August 22, 1991^
  96. Bohdan Szuprowicz. Microwinnies new disk storage stars Citizen Register, June 19, 1984^
  97. Adam Greenberg. Kyocera takes over LaPine Drive mktg Electronic News, Sage Publications, November 2, 1987^
  98. Prudential awarded judgement South Florida Sun Sentinel, September 10, 1994^
  99. Dave Siddon. Powerful New Computer Valley Times, June 7, 1961^
  100. Charles Sterling. Business Scene Independent Star-News, May 26, 1968^
  101. Marshall Unit Sold Los Angeles Times, February 28, 1969^
  102. James Porter. 1989 Disk/Trend Report – Rigid Disk Drives^
  103. S. Moran. Public Spotlight: Microproduct Memories Inc Electronic Business, Reed Business Information, April 15, 1984^
  104. William Pat Patterson. The seductive, risky world of computer peripherals Industry Week, Endeavor Business Media, September 15, 1986^
  105. Gregory W. Noble. Conspicuous Failures and Hidden Strengths of the ITRI Model: Taiwan's Technology Policy Toward Hard Disk Drives and CD-ROMs Australian National University, March 2000^
  106. Lawrence Aragon. Microscience quits, lists 81 creditors The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, January 11, 1993^
  107. Lawrence Aragon. The New Guard PC Week, Ziff-Davis, November 29, 1993^
  108. MiniStor prepares for Chapter 11 Electronic News, Sage Publications, April 10, 1995^
  109. Jean Jacques Maleval. Showa Denko to Buy Disk Media Business of Competitor MCC Computer Data Storage Newsletter, Micro-Journal, August 28, 2023^
  110. NCR Business System Compact Hits Market Dayton Daily News, June 2, 1964^
  111. NEC to end hard disk drive production Australian PC World, IDG Communications, January 2002^
  112. Peripherals: Access Times of 30 Milliseconds What's New in Computing, UBM Information, January 1984^
  113. Disk drive trade axed Horncastle Target, December 15, 1988^
  114. Nippon Electric Industry Co., Ltd. PC Tech Journal, Ziff-Davis, 1987^
  115. Japan Firms to Link Up The Tennessean, August 14, 1973^
  116. Japan Vendor Flying in Drives Computerworld, CW Communications, May 14, 1975^
  117. Stuart Feil. Hitachi, Fujitsu set to disband drive venture Electronic News, Sage Publications, August 4, 1986^
  118. Staff writer. Ohio Scientific, M-A/COM Sign Computerworld, CW Communications, December 8, 1980^
  119. Okidata Acquires Bridge Computerworld, CW Communications, July 25, 1973^
  120. Okidata M300 Stores 9M Bits Computerworld, CW Communications, July 16, 1975^
  121. Staff writer. Okidata Winchester Line Sold to Ohio Scientific Memory Computerworld, CW Communications, December 15, 1980^
  122. Olivetti Forms Subsidiary Computerworld, CW Communications, December 8, 1980^
  123. Olivetti Distributor The Daily Times, May 26, 1982^
  124. Daniel J. Lyons. Newcomer buys out defunct drive maker, plans market assault PC Week, Ziff-Davis, July 23, 1990^
  125. Michele Hostetler. Failed drive firm sat on a gold mine The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, May 8, 1995^
  126. One Computer Corporation. Otari C-256 20 MByte Hard Disk Drive PC Magazine, Ziff-Davis, November 12, 1985^
  127. Low-cost disc drives access in 60 ms Electronic Design, Hayden Publishing, May 13, 1971^
  128. Another OEM doesn't go to the devil Computerworld, October 31, 1973^
  129. Potter DD4311 Disk Drive Is IBM Compatible Computers and Automation, Berkeley Enterprises, August 1968^
  130. Frank Piasta. All IBM Tapes, Disks Have Plug-to-Plug Counterparts Computerworld, CW Communications, February 25, 1970^
  131. John Taft Potter, 75, Inventor, Founded Computer Firm Newsday, January 28, 1987^
  132. Melinda Ryan. Peripheral Technology Inc. relocates facility Simi Valley Star, September 28, 1986^
  133. Peripheral Technology Inc. OpenCorporates, n.d.^
  134. Ken Takahashi. Ricoh to boost output of removable HDD Newsbytes, The Washington Post Company, August 8, 1990^
  135. New Companies Computerworld, CW Communications, March 2, 1981^
  136. CCT Completes Merger Goleta Sun, August 11, 1982^
  137. Guy Lasnier. New Milpitas company jumps into disk drive market The Business Journal, American City Business Journals, June 20, 1988^
  138. John Ribeiro. Seagate completes acquisition of Samsung's HDD business Computerworld, IDG Communications, December 20, 2011^
  139. Sequel born in management buyout of Unisys disk unit Computergram International, GlobalData, December 8, 1989^
  140. ((Ross-Dove Company, Inc.)). Public Auction Calendar The San Francisco Examiner, November 10, 1991^
  141. John Markoff. Tandy orders $25 million worth of disk drives InfoWorld, IDG Publications, November 9, 1981^
  142. John O'Dell. Western Digital Bought Patent Problems When It Acquired Hard Disk Operation Los Angeles Times, May 24, 1988^
  143. Thom Hogan. It's Enough to Disk-Drive You Crazy InfoWorld, IDG Publications, May 25, 1981^
  144. John Free. The amazing Winchester Popular Science, Times Mirror Magazines, October 1982^
  145. Robert A. Sehr. Amlyn, DriveTec push minifloppy capacities to more than 3M bytes Mini-Micro Systems, Cahners Publishing, February 1983^
  146. Start-Up Funded by ITT Eyes Half-Height 5.25 Inch Winchester Fray Computer Systems News, UBM LLC, August 15, 1983^
  147. Tulin Corporation OpenCorporates, n.d.^
  148. Merger spurs Priam layoff Computerworld, IDG Publications, April 22, 1985^
  149. Melbourne's Florida Data names new president Florida Today, July 17, 1982^
  150. Betty Lee Sung. A Survey of Chinese-American Manpower and Employment Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1976^
  151. Staff writer. Wangco Approves Perkin-Elmer Deal Venice-Marina News, June 3, 1976^
  152. Moody's Handbook of NASDAQ Stocks Moody's Investor Service, 1985^
  153. Steve Kaufman. Xebec Attempting to Chart a Course Back to Recovery Morning Call, March 1, 1985^
  154. René Belderbos. Japanese Electronics Multinationals and Strategic Trade Policies Clarendon Press, 1997^