Lidl is a trademark[3] used by two international discount supermarket chains from Germany.
Lidl is the chief competitor of the German discount chain Aldi in several markets.
History
In 1930, Josef Schwarz became a partner in a company based in Heilbronn named Südfrüchte Großhandlung Lidl & Co. which had been established by Anton Lidl since at least 1858 under the name A. Lidl & Cie specialising in the sale of exotic fruits. Schwarz renamed the company Lidl & Schwarz KG and expanded into a food wholesaler.[4][5]
In 1977, under his son Dieter Schwarz, the Schwarz Group began to focus on discount markets, larger supermarkets, and cash and carry wholesale markets. Dieter did not want to use the name Schwarz-Markt (lit. 'black market') and wanted to use the name of his father's former business partner, A. Lidl, but legal reasons prevented him from using that name for his discount stores. When he discovered a newspaper article about a painter and retired schoolteacher Ludwig Lidl, he bought the rights to the name from him for 1,000 German marks.[6][7]
The Lidl trademark and the two sister companies are part of the Schwarz Group, the fifth-largest retailer in the world with sales of €104.3 billion (2018).[8]
The first Lidl discount store was opened in 1973, copying the Aldi concept. Schwarz rigorously removed merchandise that did not sell from the shelves, and cut costs by keeping the size of the retail outlets as small as possible. By 1977, the Lidl chain comprised 33 discount stores.[9]
Lidl opened its first UK store in 1994.[10] Its grocery market share in the UK was 8.1% in June 2025.[11]
Sven Seidel was appointed CEO of the company in March 2014, after the previous CEO Karl-Heinz Holland stepped down.[12] Holland had served as chief executive since 2008 but left due to undisclosed "unbridgeable" differences over future strategy. Seidel stepped down from his position in February 2017 after Manager Magazin reported he had fallen out of favour with Klaus Gehrig, who has headed the Schwarz Group since 2004. Seidel was succeeded as CEO by Dane businessman Jesper Højer, previously head of Lidl's international buying operation.[13]
In June 2015, the company announced it would establish a United States headquarters in Arlington, Virginia.[14] Lidl has major distribution centers in Mebane, North Carolina, and Spotsylvania County, Virginia. The company initially focused on opening locations in East Coast states, between Pennsylvania and Georgia,[15] and as far west as Ohio.[16][17] In June 2017, Lidl opened its first stores in the United States in Virginia Beach, Virginia, and other mid-Atlantic cities.[18] The company planned to open a total of one hundred U.S. stores by the summer of 2018.[19][18]
In April 2022, Lidl postponed its expansion in Ukraine due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[23]
In 2021, Lidl planned to phase out the selling of cigarettes in all its Dutch stores by 2024 as part of the "smoke-free generation".[24]
In 2025, Lidl committed to increase the proportion of sales of plant-based foods by 20 percent from a 2023 baseline by 2030.[25]
Corporate affairs
Business trends
The key trends for Lidl are (as of the financial year ending February 28[26]):
Business model
Like fellow German discounter Aldi, Lidl has a zero waste,[37] no-frills, "pass-the-savings-to-the-consumer" approach of displaying most products in their original delivery cartons, allowing the customers to take the product directly from the carton. When the carton is empty, it is simply replaced with a full one. Staffing is minimal. Stores typically only have a team of between 17 and 25 (depending on store size) and everyone from management to customer assistants are multi skilled from working delivery at 5AM, jumping on the tills or baking and completing the promotional change overs for the middle of Lidl. Lidl operate with a strict efficiency and speed approach to all tasks with some shifts only having 5 members of staff to complete tasks. Staff are expected to be fast and multitask with most tasks on strict metric timings. Typically staff must have pallets completed within 20 minutes and staff are also timed on the tills with the target of scanning at least a minimum of 30 items per minute one of Lidl's key targets is to get customers through the tills as fast as possible.
Stores
Lidl Dienstleistung operates the stores in Germany and Lidl Stiftung for international stores. Lidl is present with stores in around 32 countries.[41]
Future markets
Former markets
Tailwind shipping - Gartner KG
In July 2022 Lidl founded the "Tailwind Shipping Lines GmbH & Co. KG" which is headquartered in Hamburg. The shipping company operates a total of nine container ships (6,864 - 1,200 TEU) to transport goods from Asia to Europe. Some of the ships are owned, others are chartered. In addition there are 21,300 containers, 300 of which are freezer containers.[88] In June 2025 it was announced, that Tailwind had ordered five medium-sized container ships with up to 8,400 TEU.[89] The contract to build the ships was awarded in early 2025 by the Hamburg shipping company "Peter Döhle" and the order was then taken over by Tailwind. Each ship will cost approximately 100 million Euros. Delivery will take place in 2027 and 2028.[90]
In July 2024, it was announced that a Schwarz Group investment company had acquired a 35% stake in the Austrian freight forwarder Gartner. With 2100 trucks and 3700 trailers, Gartner is one of Europe's largest freight forwarders. There are 22 branches in 8 countries and 3800 employees.[91]
Production own brands
Lidl does not produce anything itself, but the sister company "Schwarz Produktion" produces private labels exclusively for Lidl and Kaufland. "MEG Weißenfels GmbH & Co. KG" a sister company of Schwarz Produktion operates five bottling plants in Germany and one in Great Britain. There, the returned plastic bottles are also recycled and new bottles are produced and filled. In March 2009, construction began on a factory for chocolate bars in Übach-Palenberg.[92]
At the start of production in 2012, the hourly output was 1,050 chocolate bars. To date, the hourly output has been increased to 100,000 bars. The chocolate mass is not produced inhouse, but delivered by special trucks. At the same time as the chocolate factory, a plant for packing nuts, nut mixes and dried fruits was built and put into operation in 2010. Nuts and dried fruits are supplied by specialized processors. Parallel to the chocolate factory, a large bakery for frozen dough pieces was built in Übach-Palenberg. These are baked and sold in the bakery shops of the Lidl and Kaufland stores in Europe. The property area in Übach-Palenberg is approximately 250000 m2 and almost completely built up. In addition, there is a 150000 m2 plot on the other side of the street. Here is a truck parking area, which is connected to the main building area by a bridge.[93]
A coffee roastery was put into operation in Rheine in March 2022. The annual capacity is 50,000 tons.
Other services
In October 2009, Lidl Movies was launched in the United Kingdom,[100] undercutting Tesco DVD Rental, which had previously been the United Kingdom's cheapest online rental service for DVDs. The service was powered by OutNow DVD Rental. OutNow went into liquidation in October 2011, taking Lidl Movies with it.[101]
In January 2012, Lidl launched bakeries in their stores across Europe. They consist of a small baking area with a number of ovens, together with an area where bread and pastries, such as croissants, are displayed for sale. The bakeries were initially trialed in a limited number of stores, to determine whether there was a demand for freshly baked products in-store.[102]
The mobile phone brand Lidl Connect was launched in Germany in October 2015 and in Austria and Switzerland in June and July 2019.
In August 2018, Lidl introduced its "Lidl Plus" supermarket loyalty card via an app on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. The app is available in most European countries where Lidl operates, offering discounts on own brand products and on partner offers.
Law and compliance
In 1999, a legal case arose between Lidl and Hertford Foods Ltd., one of Lidl's wholesale suppliers. The case also involved TSB Commercial Finance Limited, a finance company to which Hertford had assigned its trade debts, and arose because Hertford had become unable to supply corned beef from Brazil "due to a severe shortage of raw materials". Lidl obtained stocks from another company and deducted costs from the amounts due to Hertford. A dispute about whose standard terms arose. On appeal, Chadwick LJ ruled that Hertford were not entitled to treat their contract as terminated, commenting also that in modern "Battle of the Forms" legal cases, "It may be said to be artificial to attribute to either party knowledge of standard terms contained in a document which has been received in its office; in that, as I suspect, common experience would suggest that busy executives often do not read the fine print in which standard conditions appear.[107][108]"
In 2008, Lidl was accused by journalists of spying on their workers, listening to private phone calls, and sometimes even following them home or to doctor's appointments.[109] In one instance, an employee's file was supposedly annotated to note that most of her friends were "drug users".[109]
External links
References
- Successful fiscal year for the companies of Schwarz Group gruppe.scharz, retrieved 23 May 2024^
- Geschichte – Gründung, Erfolge, Expansio lidl.de, retrieved 19 September 2023^
- DPMAregister register.dpma.de, retrieved 2025-09-07