Kobo Inc.

Rakuten Kobo Inc., commonly known as Kobo, is a Canadian company that sells ebooks, audiobooks and e-reader devices. The company is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is a subsidiary of the Japanese technology conglomerate Rakuten Group.

Kobo operates a global digital reading platform that distributes ebooks and audiobooks through its online store and mobile applications. The company also develops the Kobo eReader line of electronic reading devices.

Kobo was founded in 2009 as Shortcovers by Michael Serbinis and was later renamed Kobo Inc. The company was acquired by Rakuten in 2012 and became part of Rakuten's global digital content ecosystem.

The name Kobo is an anagram of the word book.

History

Kobo originated as Shortcovers, a cloud eReading service launched by the Canadian bookstore chain Indigo Books and Music in February 2009.[1] In December 2009, Indigo renamed the service Kobo and spun it off into an independent company. Indigo remained the majority owner, with investors including Borders, Cheung Kong Holdings, and REDgroup Retail taking minority stakes.[2] As of, Indigo Books & Music owned 58% of Kobo Inc.[3] Rakuten acquired the company from these owners in January 2012.[4][5] On 23 May 2016, Waterstones announced it had sold its eBook business to Rakuten Kobo Inc., and as of 14 June 2016, users were required to access their eBooks via Kobo's eBook site.[6]

During the COVID pandemic, Kobo worked with governments, publishers, and retail partners to provide more than 20 million free books through the “Stay Home and Read” programme. The company reported that romance and mystery novels continued to be bestsellers during the pandemic and that there was a rise in books for kids and young adults.[7]

Products

E-readers

Kobo produces several e-readers with ePaper screens. The first Kobo eReader was introduced in 2010.[8] The product lineup went on to consist of the base model Kobo Touch, the smaller Kobo Mini, and the Kobo Glo, which has an illuminated screen. On the higher end, the Kobo Aura; the Kobo Aura HD, which added a higher-resolution screen, the waterproof Kobo Aura H2O; and the waterproof Kobo Forma which added physical buttons and a choice of orientation.[9] In 2018, the company released the Kobo Clara HD as another 6-inch option (the Aura Edition 2 being the first).[10]

In 2019, the Kobo Libra H2O was released. Kobo partnered with Hotel Viu Milan to create a Reader in Residence program and for a month, the Kobo Libra H2O was placed in hotel rooms for guests to use.[11] In 2020, Kobo introduced the Kobo Nia, an entry-level e-reader to replace the discontinued Kobo Aura.[12] In 2021, Kobo introduced the Kobo Elipsa, an e-reader and smart notebook that allows users to write on the screen.[13] The Kobo Clara 2E,a 6-inch, waterproof e-reader made from recycled plastic, featuring Bluetooth for audiobooks and 16GB of storage was released in September 2022.[14] In 2024, Kobo released two e-readers with full-colour displays: the Kobo Libra Colour, which is also compatible with a stylus, and the Kobo Clara Colour.[15]

These eReaders compete with the Amazon Kindle and Barnes & Noble Nook product lines.

Kobo's eReaders use Wi-Fi to sync a user's book collection and bookmarks with Kobo's cloud service, which can also be accessed from Kobo eReading apps for Windows and macOS computers, Android and iOS smartphones.

Tablets

Kobo produced the Kobo Arc family of Android tablets, which it introduced in 2012 and refreshed in 2013. It previously sold the Kobo Vox, a 7-inch Android tablet released in 2011. In 2014, Kobo discontinued the Arc tablets and did not develop another one.[16]

Applications

Kobo offers free reading applications for Windows and MacOS computers and Android and iOS smartphones. In June 2015, Kobo received a Top Developer badge in the Google Play store.[17] In 2017, Kobo acquired Shelfie, an app that organises personal libraries.[18]

Kobo Plus Subscription Service

Kobo Plus is the company's unlimited audiobook and eBook subscription service.[19] It was first released in the Netherlands and Belgium in 2017 and then expanded to Canada in 2020.[20] In 2021, Kobo signed an agreement with LeYa, a Portuguese publishing group, and launched Kobo Plus e_LeYa, which made exclusive content available in Portugal.[19]

As of May 2021, Kobo Plus offered 599,000 eBooks and 94,000 audiobooks.[19] Books are available in many languages.[20] Readers can choose to subscribe to only eBooks or to expand the service with Kobo Plus Listening, which includes audiobooks.[21]

Store and publishing

Kobo's bookstore was opened in 2009.[22] Content sold on the Kobo Bookstore includes eBooks, Audiobooks, newspapers, and magazines. The majority of titles are sold in the open ePub format, albeit with Digital rights management.[23]

Several digital bookstores have closed down and transferred their users to Kobo's bookstore. They include the defunct Borders,[24] as well as the Sony Reader Store.[25] Both have provided tools for users to migrate purchases and information to Kobo's offering.

On 17 July 2012, Kobo launched a self-publishing platform called Kobo Writing Life (KWL).[26] Key features of Kobo Writing Life include "deep analytics", allowing authors to track sales in real-time; a "learning centre" to guide newcomers in digital publishing; and allowing an author to sell books globally.[27]

In 2019, KWL began offering self-publishing opportunities for Audiobooks.[28]

Emerging Writer Prize

The Kobo Emerging Writer Prize awards three first-time Canadian authors with Ca$10,000 each.[29] The awards are given in three categories, Literary Fiction, Nonfiction, and Genre Fiction, with the genre selection changing each year.[30] Traditionally published, and self-published books are eligible, and authors receive marketing and communications support during their winning year.[31]

In 2021, the award's seventh year, the winning authors were: Michelle Good, author of Five Little Indians (Fiction); Eternity Martis, author of They Said This Would Be Fun (Nonfiction); and Emily Hepditch, author of The Woman in the Attic (Mystery).[32]

At the same time as the Libra 2, the Kobo Sage was also introduced as a new top model. It has an 8" E-Ink Carta 1200 display with a resolution of 1440 × 1920 pixels and 32 GB internal memory. A Bluetooth module and a USB-C port have also been installed. In addition, as with the Elipsa, it is possible to capture notes on the device with a stylus.[33]

Sales and market share

Kobo sells its devices online and through physical retail channels. The company's strategic partnerships have included Cheung Kong Holdings,[34] WHSmith,[35] Whitcoulls,[36] FNAC,[37] Livraria Cultura,[38] and Eslite Bookstore.[39] Kobo partnered with Australian online bookseller Booktopia[40] and also has a programme partnering with independent bookstores to sell their devices.[41]

In 2012, Wired named Kobo as the "only global competitor to Amazon [in the eBook market]"[42] with over 20% of the worldwide market.[43]

Kobo Inc. released eBook reading data collected from over 21 million readers worldwide in 2014. Some of the data said that only 45% of UK readers finished the bestselling eBook The Goldfinch.[44]

As of August 2018, Amazon's Kindle eReader had an 83.6% share of the U.S. eReader market while Kobo had a 13.4% share.[45]

Venture with Walmart

In 2018, the company and Walmart contracted to allow the latter to sell Kobo audiobooks, eBooks and eReaders in the U.S. This was the first venture into eBooks for the retailer which also began selling the Kobo eReaders.[46] Walmart installed eReader stations in over 1,000 stores. Their eBook Web site was listing over 6 million titles. The retailer also began to offer subscriptions for audiobooks at a monthly fee.[47]

Venture with Bol

In the Netherlands, Bol.com is contracted to sell Kobo audiobooks, eBooks and eReaders.[48]

References

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  2. Stuart Woods. Kobo spins off from Indigo, partners with Borders Quill & Quire, 15 December 2009, retrieved 2 November 2011^
  3. . Peter Nowak. Indigo targets Amazon with Kobo e-reader News, CBC, 24 March 2010, retrieved 16 July 2015^
  4. E-reader maker Kobo Inc. says its sales to Japan's Rakuten has closed Canadian Business, 11 January 2012, retrieved 11 January 2012^
  5. Rakuten Completes Acquisition of Kobo Tech Finance, 12 January 2012, retrieved 13 January 2012^
  6. Staff. Waterstones quits ebooks, hands business to Kobo Seenit.co.uk, 23 May 2016, retrieved 23 May 2016^
  7. Neerav Bhatt. Covid accelerates growth for Kobo eBooks and Audible Audiobooks Ausdroid, 2021-07-14, retrieved 2021-09-10^
  8. Michael Kozlowski. The Evolution of the Kobo eReader – In Pictures Good e-Reader, 2014-05-26, retrieved 2021-08-11^
  9. Kobo Elipsa Review PCMAG, retrieved 2021-09-10^
  10. Sam Byford. Kobo announces new 6-inch e-reader with sharper screen The Verge, 2018-05-29, retrieved 2021-09-10^
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  13. Tim Biggs. Kobo's latest Kindle competitor is a huge e-reader and a smart notepad The Sydney Morning Herald, 2021-06-01, retrieved 2021-07-16^
  14. Kobo's new waterproof Clara 2E e-reader could take on Kindle mashable.com, 2022-09-01, retrieved 2026-04-12^
  15. Introducing: Kobo Colour eReaders Kobo Books Blog, retrieved 2026-01-07^
  16. Kobo: tablets 'no longer a focus' www.thebookseller.com, retrieved 2021-09-17^
  17. Kobo Books – Android Apps on Google Play retrieved 10 July 2015^
  18. Kobo has acquired Shelfie, an app that allows readers to buy discounted ebooks 9 April 2017, retrieved 27 February 2018^
  19. Michael Kozlowski. Kobo Plus Now Available in Portugal Good e-Reader, 2021-05-15, retrieved 2021-07-28^
  20. Michael Kozlowski. Kobo Unlimited subscription system has launched in Canada Good e-Reader, 2020-07-15, retrieved 2021-07-28^
  21. lezen. Lezen on demand: hoe werkt Kobo Plus? TechGirl, 2021-04-20, retrieved 2021-08-18^
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  28. Self-published authors can now upload their audiobooks direct to Kobo via Kobo Writing Life The New Publishing Standard, 2019-09-26, retrieved 2021-07-16^
  29. Roger Packer. Shortlist selected for $30,000 Kobo Emerging Writer Prize Roger Packer, 2021-05-11, retrieved 2021-08-25^
  30. Hunger Moon a finalist for the Rakuten Kobo Emerging Writer Prize Read Alberta, 2021-05-04, retrieved 2021-08-25^
  31. Kobo Emerging Writer Prize Now Accepting Submissions - Canadian Reviewer - Reviews, News and Opinion with a Canadian Perspective www.canadianreviewer.com, retrieved 2021-08-25^
  32. Michelle Good, Eternity Martis win Kobo Emerging Writer Prize Quill and Quire, 2021-06-22, retrieved 2021-08-27^
  33. Devin Coldewey. Kobo refreshes e-reader line with Sage and Libra 2, adding Bluetooth and stylus support TechCrunch, 2021-10-05, retrieved 2022-10-01^
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  35. Phillip Jones. More detail on the W H Smith Kobo deal Future Book, 21 October 2011, retrieved 2 November 2011^
  36. Paul Biba. Whitcoulls of New Zealand to launch ebooks – Kobo is branching out TeleRead, 26 April 2010, retrieved 2 November 2011^
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  39. 繁中電子書閱讀器拉抬業績!樂天 Kobo 再增禮物卡、中文有聲書服務 3C 新報, retrieved 2020-07-24^
  40. Neerav Bhatt. Covid accelerates growth for Kobo eBooks and Audible Audiobooks Ausdroid, 2021-07-14, retrieved 2021-09-03^
  41. Isaac Hamlet. 4 ways to support your local bookstore as the pandemic drags on Iowa City Press-Citizen, retrieved 2021-09-03^
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  45. Why Walmart Is Pushing into E-Books, A Business on the Decline forbes.com, retrieved 23 June 2019^
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  48. Kobo Plus retrieved 10 February 2023^