BrandWikiReturn

KDE

WorldBrand briefing

AI supplement

Original synthesis to sit alongside the encyclopedia article below. Not part of Wikipedia; verify facts on Wikipedia when precision matters.

KDE is a global free and open-source software community focused on creating user-friendly desktop environments, applications, and development frameworks. Its flagship offerings include the KDE Plasma desktop environment and the KDE Gear software suite, widely used across Linux and Unix-like systems.

Key moments

  • 1996-10Matthias Ettrich announces the KDE project to address fragmentation in Unix graphical interfaces
  • 1998-04First stable release, KDE 1.0, launches with core desktop components
  • 2000Qt framework adopts GPL licensing, resolving earlier open-source controversy
  • 2014KDE Plasma 5, a major redesign of the desktop environment, is officially released
  • 2020KDE Applications suite is rebranded as KDE Gear

Community Governance

KDE operates as a volunteer-driven global community, supported by the non-profit KDE e.V. based in Berlin. The organization handles legal, financial, and event coordination for thousands of contributors across 50+ countries, with work coordinated via public mailing lists and collaborative development platforms.

Core Technical Contributions

Beyond desktop software, KDE develops key open-source tools including the Kirigami UI framework for convergent mobile/desktop apps, the Konqueror file manager and web browser, and Krita, a professional digital painting application. Its software adheres to free software licenses and prioritizes user customization and privacy.

Industry Impact

KDE has shaped the Linux desktop ecosystem, with its software pre-installed on major distributions like Kubuntu, Fedora KDE Spin, and openSUSE. It has also influenced open-source development standards, particularly through its work on cross-platform UI/UX and collaborative software development models.

KDE is an international free software community that develops free and open-source software. As a central development hub, it provides tools and resources that enable collaborative work on its projects.[1][2] Its products include the KDE Plasma graphical shell, KDE Frameworks, and the KDE Gear range of applications including Kate, digiKam, and Krita.[3] Many KDE applications are cross-platform and can run on Unix and Unix-like operating systems as well as Microsoft Windows.[4] KDE is legally represented by KDE e.V. based in Germany, which also owns the KDE trademarks and funds the project.

History

KDE was founded in 1996 by Matthias Ettrich, a student at the University of Tübingen.[5] At the time, he was troubled by certain aspects of the Unix desktop. Among his concerns was that none of the applications looked or behaved alike. In his opinion, desktop applications of the time were too complicated for end users. In order to solve the issue, he proposed the creation of a desktop environment in which users could expect the applications to be consistent and easy to use. His initial Usenet post spurred significant interest, and the KDE project was born.[6]

The name KDE was intended as a wordplay on the existing Common Desktop Environment, available for Unix systems.[7] CDE was an X11-based user environment jointly developed by HP, IBM, and Sun through the X/Open consortium, with an interface and productivity tools based on the Motif graphical widget toolkit. It was supposed to be an intuitively easy-to-use desktop computer environment.[8] The K was originally suggested to stand for "Kool", but it was quickly decided that the K should stand for nothing in particular. Therefore, the KDE initialism expanded to "K Desktop Environment" before it was dropped altogether in favor of simply KDE in a rebranding in 2009.[9]

In the beginning Matthias Ettrich chose to use Trolltech's Qt framework for the KDE project.[10] Other programmers quickly started developing KDE/Qt applications, and by early 1997, a few applications were being released. On 12 July 1998 the first version of the desktop environment, called KDE 1.0, was released. The original GNU General Public Licensed version of this toolkit only existed for platforms that used the X11 display server, but as of the release of Qt 4, GNU Lesser General Public Licensed versions are available for more platforms. This allowed KDE software based on Qt 4 or newer versions to be distributed to Microsoft Windows and OS X.[11]

The KDE Marketing Team announced a rebranding of the KDE project components on 24 November 2009. Motivated by the perceived shift in objectives, the rebranding focused on emphasizing both the community of software creators and the various tools supplied by the KDE, rather than just the desktop environment. KDE 4 was split into KDE Plasma Workspaces, KDE Applications, and KDE Frameworks (KDE Platform 4 at the time), bundled as KDE Software Compilation 4.[12] Since 2009, the name KDE no longer stands for K Desktop Environment, but for the community that produces the software.[13]

Community

Mascot

The KDE community's mascot is a green dragon named Konqi.[14] Konqi's appearance was officially redesigned with the coming of Plasma 5, with Tyson Tan's entry (seen in the images) winning the redesign competition on the KDE Forums.[15]

Katie is a female dragon. She was presented in 2010 and is appointed as a mascot for the KDE women's community.[16]

Other dragons with different colors and professions were added to Konqi as part of the Tyson Tan redesign concept. Each dragon has a pair of letter-shaped antlers that reflect their role in the KDE community.

Kandalf the wizard was the former mascot for the KDE community during its 1.x and 2.x versions. Kandalf's similarity to the character of Gandalf led to speculation that the mascot was switched to Konqi due to copyright infringement concerns, but this has never been confirmed by KDE.[17]

KDE e.V. organization

The financial and legal matters of KDE are handled by KDE e.V., a German non-profit organization. Among others, it owns the KDE trademark and the corresponding logo. It also accepts donations on behalf of the KDE community, helps to run the servers, assists in organizing and financing conferences and meetings,[18] but does not influence software development directly.

Local communities

In many countries, KDE has local branches. These are either informal organizations (KDE India) or like the KDE e.V., given a legal form (KDE France). The local organizations host and maintain regional websites, and organize local events, such as tradeshows, contributor meetings and social community meetings.

Identity

KDE has community identity guidelines (CIG) for definitions and recommendations which help the community to establish a unique, characteristic, and appealing design.[19] The KDE official logo displays the white trademarked K-Gear shape on a blue square with mitred corners. Copying of the KDE Logo is subject to the LGPL.[20] Some local community logos are derivations of the official logo.

Many KDE applications have a K in the name, mostly as an initial letter. The K in many KDE applications is obtained by spelling a word which originally begins with C or Q differently, for example Konsole and Kaffeine, while some others prefix a commonly used word with a K, for instance KGet. However, some apps do not to have a K in the name at all, such as with Stage, Spectacle, Discover and Dolphin.

Projects

The KDE community maintains multiple free-software projects. The project formerly referred to as KDE (or KDE SC (Software Compilation)) nowadays consists of three parts:

  • KDE Plasma, a graphical desktop environment with customizable layouts and panels, supporting virtual desktops and widgets. Written with Qt and KDE Frameworks.
  • KDE Frameworks, a collection of libraries and software frameworks built on top of Qt (formerly known as 'kdelibs' or 'KDE Platform').[21]
  • KDE Gear, utility applications (like Kdenlive or Krita) mostly built on KDE Frameworks and which are often part of the official KDE Applications release.

Other projects

KDE neon

KDE neon is a software repository that uses Ubuntu LTS as a core. It aims to provide the users with rapidly updated Qt and KDE software, while updating the rest of the OS components from the Ubuntu repositories at the normal pace.[22][23] KDE maintains that it is not a "KDE distribution", but rather an up-to-date archive of KDE and Qt packages.

Subtitle Composer

Subtitle Composer is an open-source subtitle editor for the Linux and Microsoft Windows operating systems, based on Qt and KDE Frameworks. The project became part of KDE starting in December 2019.[24] It supports the most common text and bitmap-based subtitle formats, video previewing, audio waveform, speech recognition, timings synchronization, subtitle translation, OCR and JavaScript macros/scripting. Subtitle Composer is free software released under the GNU General Public License.

KDE neon

KDE neon is a software repository that uses Ubuntu LTS as a core. It aims to provide the users with rapidly updated Qt and KDE software, while updating the rest of the OS components from the Ubuntu repositories at the normal pace.[22][23] KDE maintains that it is not a "KDE distribution", but rather an up-to-date archive of KDE and Qt packages.

Subtitle Composer

Subtitle Composer is an open-source subtitle editor for the Linux and Microsoft Windows operating systems, based on Qt and KDE Frameworks. The project became part of KDE starting in December 2019.[24] It supports the most common text and bitmap-based subtitle formats, video previewing, audio waveform, speech recognition, timings synchronization, subtitle translation, OCR and JavaScript macros/scripting. Subtitle Composer is free software released under the GNU General Public License.

Contributors

Developing KDE software is primarily a volunteer effort, although various companies, such as Novell, Nokia,[25] or Blue Systems employ or employed developers to work on various parts of the project.[26] Since a large number of individuals contribute to KDE in various ways (e.g. code, translation, artwork), organization of such a project is complex. A mentor program helps beginners to get started with developing and communicating within KDE projects and communities.[27][28]

Communication within the community takes place via mailing lists, IRC, blogs, forums, news announcements, wikis and conferences. The community has a Code of Conduct for acceptable behavior within the community.[29]

Development

Currently the KDE community uses the Git version control system. The KDE GitLab Instance (named Invent) gives an overview of all projects hosted by KDE's Git repository system. Phabricator is used for task management.[30]

On 20 July 2009, KDE announced that the one millionth commit has been made to its Subversion repository.[31] On 11 October 2009, Cornelius Schumacher, a main developer within KDE,[32] wrote about the estimated cost (using the COCOMO model with SLOCCount) to develop KDE software package with 4,273,291 LoC, which would be about US$175,364,716.[33] This estimation does not include Qt, Calligra Suite, Amarok, digiKam, and other applications that are not part of KDE core.

Core team

The overall direction is set by the KDE Core Team. These are developers who have made significant contributions within KDE over a long period of time. This team communicates using the kde-core-devel mailing list, which is publicly archived and readable, but joining requires approval. KDE does not have a single central leader who can veto important decisions. Instead, the KDE core team consists of several dozens of contributors who make decisions not by a formal vote, but through discussions.[34]

The developers also organize alongside topical teams. For example, the KDE Edu team develops free educational software. While these teams work mostly independent and do not all follow a common release schedule. Each team has its own messaging channels, both on IRC and on the mailing lists.[35]

KDE Patrons

A KDE Patron is an individual or organization supporting the KDE community by donating at least 5000 Euro (depending on the company's size) to the KDE e.V.[36] As of March 2026, there are thirteen such patrons: Blue Systems, Canonical Ltd., Google, GnuPG, Kubuntu Focus, Slimbook, SUSE, The Qt Company, TUXEDO Computers, Rocky Linux, Framework Computer, Techpaladin Software, and Mbition.[37]

Collaborations

Wikimedia

On 23 June 2005, chairman of the Wikimedia Foundation announced that the KDE community and the Wikimedia Foundation have begun efforts towards cooperation.[38] Fruits of that cooperation are MediaWiki syntax highlighting in Kate and accessing Wikipedia content within KDE applications, such as Amarok and Marble.

On 4 April 2008, the KDE e.V. and Wikimedia Deutschland opened shared offices in Frankfurt.[39]

Free Software Foundation Europe

In May 2006, KDE e.V. became an Associate Member of the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE).[40]

On 22 August 2008, KDE e.V. and FSFE jointly announced that after working with FSFE's Freedom Task Force for one and a half years KDE adopts FSFE's Fiduciary Licence Agreement. Using that, KDE developers can – on a voluntary basis – assign their copyrights to KDE e.V.[41]

In September 2009, KDE e.V. and FSFE moved into shared offices in Berlin.[42]

Commercial enterprises

Several companies actively contribute to KDE, like Collabora, Erfrakon, Intevation GmbH, Kolab Konsortium, Klarälvdalens Datakonsult AB (KDAB), Blue Systems, and KO GmbH.

Nokia used Calligra Suite as base for their Office Viewer application for Maemo/MeeGo.[43] They have also been contracting KO GmbH to bring MS Office 2007 file format filters to Calligra.[44] Nokia also employed several KDE developers directly – either to use KDE software for MeeGo (e.g. KCal)[45] or as sponsorship.

The software development and consulting companies Intevation GmbH of Germany and the Swedish KDAB use Qt and KDE software – especially Kontact and Akonadi for Kolab – for their services and products, therefore both employ KDE developers.

Others

KDE participates in freedesktop.org, an effort to standardize Unix desktop interoperability.

In 2009 and 2011, GNOME and KDE co-hosted their conferences Akademy and GUADEC under the Desktop Summit label.

In December 2010 KDE e.V. became a licensee of the Open Invention Network.[46]

Many Linux distributions and other free operating systems are involved in the development and distribution of the software, and are therefore also active in the KDE community. These include commercial distributors such as SUSE/Novell[47] or Red Hat[48] but also government-funded non-commercial organizations such as the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey with its Linux distribution Pardus.

In October 2018, Red Hat declared that KDE Plasma was no longer supported in future updates of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, though it continues to be part of Fedora. The announcement came shortly after the announcement of the business acquisition of Red Hat by IBM for close to US$43 billion.[49] As a result, Fedora now makes KDE Plasma and other KDE software available also to Red Hat Enterprise Linux users through their Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL) project.[50][51]

Releases

Activities

The two most important conferences of KDE are Akademy and Camp KDE. Each event is on a large scale, both thematically and geographically. Akademy-BR and Akademy-es are local community events.

Akademy

Akademy is the annual world summit, held each summer at varying venues in Europe.[53] The primary goals of Akademy are to act as a community building event, to communicate the achievements of community, and to provide a platform for collaboration with community and industry partners. Secondary goals are to engage local people, and to provide space for getting together to write code. KDE e.V. assist with procedures, advice and organization. Akademy including conference, KDE e.V. general assembly, marathon coding sessions, BOFs (birds of a feather sessions) and social program. BOFs meet to discuss specific sub-projects or issues.[54]

The first conference that the KDE community held was KDE One, in Arnsberg, Germany, in 1997 to discuss the first KDE release. Initially, each conference was numbered after the release, and not regular held. Since 2003 the conferences were held once a year. And they were named Akademy since 2004.

The yearly Akademy conference gives Akademy Awards, are awards that the KDE community gives to KDE contributors. Their purpose is to recognize outstanding contribution to KDE. There are three awards, best application, best non-application and jury's award. As always the winners are chosen by the winners from the previous year.[55] First winners received a framed picture of Konqi signed by all attending KDE developers.[56]

Camp KDE

Camp KDE is another annual contributor's conference of the KDE community. The event provides a regional opportunity for contributors and enthusiasts to gather and share their experiences. It is free to all participants. It is intended to ensure that KDE in the world is not simply seen as being Euro-centric. The KDE e.V. helps travel and accommodation subsidies for presenters, BoF leaders, organizers or core contributor. It is held in the North America since 2009.

In January 2008, KDE 4.0 Release Event was held at the Google headquarters in Mountain View, California, US, to celebrate the release of KDE SC 4.0. The community realized that there was a strong demand for KDE events in the Americas, therefore Camp KDE was produced.

Camp KDE 2009 was the premiere meeting of the KDE Americas, was held at the Travellers Beach Resort in Negril, Jamaica, sponsored by Google, Intel, iXsystem, KDE e.V. and Kitware. The event included 1–2 days of presentations, BoF meetings and hackathon sessions.[57] Camp KDE 2010 took place at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in La Jolla, US. The schedule included presentations, BoFs, hackathons and a day trip. It started with a short introduction by Jeff Mitchell, who was the principal organizer of the conference, talked a bit of history about Camp KDE and some statistics about the KDE community. With around 70 participants, the talks of the event were relatively well attended. On 1/19, the social event was a tour of a local brewery.[58] Camp KDE 2011 was held at Hotel Kabuki in San Francisco, US. It was co-located with the Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit. The schedule included presentations, hackathons and a party at Noisebridge. The conference opened with an introduction by Celeste Lyn Paul.[59]

SoK (Season of KDE)

Season of KDE is an outreach program hosted by the KDE community. Students are appointed mentors from the KDE community that help bring their project to fruition.[60]

Other community events

conf.kde.in was the first KDE and Qt conference in India. The conference, organized by KDE India, was held at R.V. College of Engineering in Bangalore, India. The first three days of the event had talks, tutorials, and interactive sessions. The last two days were a focused code sprint.[61] The conference was opened by its main organizer, Pradeepto Bhattacharya. Over 300 people were at the opening talks. The Lighting of the Auspicious Lamp ceremony was performed to open the conference. The first session was by Lydia Pintscher, who spoke on "So much to do – so little time". At the event, the return of Project Neon was announced on March 11, 2011, with the project providing nightly builds of the KDE Software Compilation.[62] Closing the conference was keynote speaker and old-time KDE developer Sirtaj.

Día KDE (KDE Day) is an Argentinian event focused on KDE. It gives talks and workshops. The purposes of the event are to: spread the free software movement among the population of Argentina, bringing to it the KDE community and environment developed by it; know and strengthen KDE-AR; and generally bring the community together to have fun. The event is free.[63]

A Release party is a party, which celebrates the release of a new version of the KDE SC (twice a year).[64] KDE also participates in other conferences that revolve around free software.

Notable uses

Brazil's primary school education system operates computers running KDE software, with more than 42,000 schools in 4,000 cities, thus serving nearly 52 million children. The base distribution is called Educational Linux, which is based on Kubuntu.[65] Besides this, thousands more students in Brazil use KDE products in their universities. KDE software is also running on computers in Portuguese and Venezuelan schools, with respectively 700,000 and one million systems reached.[66]

Through Pardus, a local Linux distribution, many sections of the Turkish government make use of KDE software, including the Turkish Armed Forces,[67] Ministry of Foreign Affairs,[67] Ministry of National Defence,[68] Turkish Police,[67] and the SGK (Social Security Institution of Turkey),[67][69] although these departments often do not exclusively use Pardus as their operating system.

CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) uses KDE software.[70]

Germany uses KDE software in its embassies around the world, representing around 11,000 systems.

NASA used the Plasma Desktop during the Mars Mission.[71]

Valve Corporation's handheld gaming computer, the Steam Deck, uses the KDE Plasma desktop environment when in desktop mode.[72] In 2025, Valve Corporation has revealed that their upcoming compact gaming computer, the Steam Machine, and virtual reality headset, named the Steam Frame, will also be using the KDE Plasma desktop environment when in desktop mode.[73][74]

See also

  • KDE Projects
  • List of KDE applications
  • Free software community
  • Trinity Desktop Environment

External links

References

  1. KDE e.V. Homepage KDE e.V., retrieved 2025-12-05^
  2. About KDE kde.org, retrieved 2020-12-28^
  3. KDE Applications KDE Applications, retrieved 2024-07-04^
  4. KDE Kirigami KDE, retrieved November 25, 2018^
  5. New Project: Kool Desktop Environment. Programmers wanted! groups.google.com, retrieved 2022-01-21^
  6. Matthias Ettrich. New Project: Kool Desktop Environment (KDE) 14 October 1996, retrieved 2010-12-04^
  7. KDE Plasma: Full Featured Desktop That's Surprisingly Easy on Resources Foss Force, 6 February 2023, retrieved 2024-01-04^
  8. COSE Update FYI retrieved 2010-11-06^
  9. Repositioning the KDE Brand 24 November 2009^
  10. history of the KDE project August 2003, retrieved 2010-12-02^
  11. Ryan Paul. KDE goes cross-platform with Windows, Mac OS X support Ars Technica, January 23, 2008, retrieved 2010-12-04^
  12. Stuart Jarvis. Repositioning the KDE Brand KDE, 2009-11-24, retrieved 2010-11-13^
  13. Jos Poortvliet. Finally: rebranding KDE 2009-11-24, retrieved 2023-06-07^
  14. KDE-Clipart page retrieved 2010-11-20^
  15. . Another archived by KDE itself. Konqi, Katie and Friends retrieved 11 March 2015^
  16. KDE Women—KDE Community Wiki retrieved 28 June 2019^
  17. Timeline KDE 20 Years retrieved 2017-07-17^
  18. KDE e.V. - What is KDE e.V. KDE e.V. Board, retrieved 2011-01-02^
  19. Community Identity Guidelines retrieved 2010-12-01^
  20. The KDE CIG Logo page September 28, 2006, retrieved 2010-11-06^
  21. KDE Frameworks retrieved 20 February 2020^
  22. KDE neon KDE, retrieved June 20, 2016^
  23. Q&A: Jonathan Riddell on the release of KDE neon User Edition 5.6 CIO.com, June 9, 2016, retrieved June 20, 2016^
  24. KDE's December 2019 Apps Update KDE Community, 2019-12-12, retrieved 2022-11-18^
  25. KDE Free Qt Foundation KDE e.V., retrieved September 29, 2012^
  26. Projects – Blue Systems retrieved 2022-12-18^
  27. Becoming a KDE Developer retrieved 2011-01-01^
  28. George Kuk. Strategic Interaction and Knowledge Sharing in the KDE Developer Mailing List Management Science, 2006^
  29. KDE Community Code of Conduct retrieved 2010-11-28^
  30. Infrastructure/Phabricator KDE Community Wiki page retrieved 2018-10-07^
  31. Jeff Mitchell. KDE Reaches 1,000,000 Commits in its Subversion Repository KDE, 2009-07-20, retrieved 2010-11-13^
  32. People Behind KDE: Cornelius Schumacher February 4, 2002, retrieved 2010-11-18^
  33. Marcel Hilzinger. Code Statistics: KDE Costs 175 Million Dollars 2009-10-12, retrieved 2010-12-30^
  34. Project Management retrieved 2010-11-13^
  35. KDE Mailing Lists KDE Community, retrieved 2022-12-18^
  36. KDE e.V. - Become a Supporting Member of the KDE e.V. ev.kde.org, retrieved 4 May 2017^
  37. Supporting Members KDE e.V., retrieved 6 April 2026^
  38. Sven Krohlas. KDE and Wikipedia Announce Cooperation KDE, 2005-06-23, retrieved 2010-11-13^
  39. KDE and Wikimedia Start Collaboration April 4, 2008, retrieved 2010-11-13^
  40. KDE e.V. Becomes Associate Member of FSFE May 9, 2006, retrieved 2010-11-06^
  41. FSFE welcomes KDE's adoption of the Fiduciary Licence Agreement (FLA) 22 August 2008, retrieved 2010-11-06^
  42. FSFE: Events. Office warming party, Berlin, Germany 12 December 2009, retrieved 2010-11-26^
  43. Jonathan Riddell. KOffice Based Office Viewer Launched for Nokia N900 KDE, 2010-01-21, retrieved 12 November 2010^
  44. Inge Wallin. Nokia Announces MS Office 2007 Import Filters for KOffice 2009-10-11^
  45. Stephen Kelly. KDE PIM Stabilization Sprint KDE, 2010-06-03, retrieved 1 December 2010^
  46. Aaron J. Seigo. KDE e.V. Joins Open Invention Network KDE, 2010-12-21, retrieved 2010-12-23^
  47. . Development begins on a lightweight KDE version The H Open, April 14, 2013, retrieved 2013-12-07^
  48. All KDE & Fedora: This month (May) in Redhat KDE. Ltinkl.blogspot.de (2006-07-11). Retrieved on 2013-07-17.^
  49. We (may) now know the real reason for that IBM takeover. A distraction for Red Hat to axe KDE The Register, retrieved 2 November 2018^
  50. KDE on EPEL Fedora Project Wiki, retrieved 23 July 2022^
  51. KDE Plasma Desktop in EPEL YouTube, 30 September 2021, retrieved 23 July 2022^
  52. Ankush Das, Sourav Rudra. KDE Plasma 6: The Big Release is Here! It's FOSS News, 28 February 2024, retrieved 3 March 2024^
  53. KDE e.V. – Akademy KDE e.V., retrieved 2010-11-13^
  54. Requirements for Akademy Location KDE e.V., retrieved 2010-11-13^
  55. Jonathan Riddell. Akademy Awards 2009 KDE, 2009-07-06, retrieved 2011-01-07^
  56. Daniel Molkentin. First KDE Appreciation Awards Announced KDE, 2005-08-30, retrieved 2011-01-07^
  57. Wade Olson. Camp KDE 2009 Presentations Announced KDE, 2008-11-30, retrieved 2010-11-28^
  58. Jeff Mitchell. Announcing Camp KDE 2010! KDE, 2009-08-07, retrieved 2010-11-28^
  59. Celeste Lyn Paul. Camp KDE 2011 Announced KDE, 2011-02-05, retrieved 2011-01-07^
  60. Season of KDE 2015 KDE, retrieved 2015-12-23^
  61. Shantanu Tushar. conf.KDE.in: First KDE Conference in India KDE, 2010-12-28, retrieved 2011-01-03^
  62. Valorie Zimmerman. conf.kde.in: Project Neon Returns With Bleeding Edge KDE Software KDE, 2011-03-11, retrieved 2011-05-30^
  63. Salió la versión candidata de KDE SC 4.7 2011-06-28^
  64. Jos Poortvliet. KDE Partying Around the World for New Release KDE, 2010-03-21, retrieved 3 April 2011^
  65. Nathan Willis. LinuxCon: The world's largest Linux desktop deployment 2011-08-22, retrieved 17 September 2011^
  66. KDE promo booklet retrieved 2011-02-26^
  67. Pardus 2009 yolda 2009-05-25, retrieved 2009-05-25^
  68. MSB, Pardus ile 2 milyon dolar tasarruf etti 2009-04-14, retrieved 2009-04-14^
  69. SGK, Pardus'a göç etmeye hazırlanıyor 2009-04-13, retrieved 2009-04-13^
  70. Jonathan Riddell. KDE Congratulates CERN's Large Hadron Collider 2008-09-10^
  71. KDE helped NASA reach Mars and now we're helping @JimCameron reach Pandora in the #Avatar sequels. @LisaSu of @AMD… 9 January 2019^
  72. Steam Deck :: Tech Specs retrieved 28 July 2021^
  73. Steam Machine Valve Corporation, 12 November 2025, retrieved 1 December 2025^
  74. Steam Frame Valve Corporation, 12 November 2025, retrieved 1 December 2025^