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J. W. Robinson's

J. W. Robinson & Co. (colloquially Robinson's) was an American department store chain founded in 1883 by Joseph Winchester Robinson. Its flagship store and headquarters were located in Los Angeles, California, and operated in Southern California and Arizona. Robinson's and May Company California were merged and individually dissolved to form Robinsons-May in 1993.

19th century history

Joseph Winchester Robinson was a merchant from Waltham, Massachusetts who moved to Rosemead, California in 1882 to develop orange groves. Robinson found the quality of goods and service from local merchants lacking, and reentered the retail business, utilizing his contacts on the East Coast to deliver superior merchandise.

Robinson opened the 1440 sqft Boston Dry Goods Store in 1883 at the Allen Block at the southwest corner of Spring and Temple streets,[1] stating that his store offered "fine stocks and refined 'Boston' service." In 1891, J. W. Robinson died at the age of 44 and his father, Henry Winchester Robinson, came from Boston to Los Angeles to take over the business, and the "Boston Dry Goods Store" was renamed the "J. W. Robinson Company" in honor of its late founder.

In 1887, J.W. Robinson Co.'s Boston Dry Goods Store moved to a new store of around 3000 sqft in the Jones Block[1] at 171–173 (post-1890 numbering) Spring Street, considered an adventurous move because at that time, the location was far from the central business district of that period.[2] When Robinson's moved again in 1895, Nathaniel Blackstone, brother-in-law of J.W. Robinson, moved into the vacated space and founded Blackstone's Dry Goods,[3] which would become a single-location downtown department store in its own right.

Mr. C. W. R. Ford, who had owned his own wholesale store at 522 Market Street in San Francisco,[4] married Robinson's widow and took over as president of the Robinson's company.

20th century history

From 1880 to 1890, the population of Los Angeles doubled from 50,395 to 102,479 people. In January 1895 the J. W. Robinson Co., which by that time advertised simply as "The Boston Store", announced that after only eight years at Spring Street, more spacious quarters were necessary, and that a new four-story "Boston Dry Goods Store Building" was under construction at 239 S. Broadway (razed, currently site of a parking lot),[5] opposite the then City Hall. It was designed by Theodore Eisen and Sumner Hunt, designer of the Bradbury Building. On October 1, 1895, Robinson's opened the new store. The new building was promoted at the time as a sign that Los Angeles had come into its own as a "metropolitan center" and that it was no longer necessary to make "annual pilgrimages to San Francisco" to obtain a wide selection of fine merchandise.

The front was "Grecian" (Greek Revival) in style, of light cream brick and terra cotta. It featured an elaborate Corinthian-style cornice crowning the façade. Above it rose a high parapet broken by a high-relief entresol panel. All of this was surmounted by elaborate acroteria. 60-foot-long, 19.5-foot-high plate glass windows illuminated the ground floor. Just above the second floor the façade was Colonial style and above that Doric-style features. The building had passenger and freight elevators, and skylights illuminated through to the ground floor. The first/ground floor and part of the basement were devoted to retail with a central cashier's and wrapping desk, offices were also on the ground floor, receiving and shipping were also in the basement, while the two upper floors housed the main part of the manufacturing and wholesale departments, which moved down from Temple Street. The second floor housed various merchandise departments, areas to display delicate fabrics under gas light, a desk with stationery for customers to write, and the ladies' "parlors" (restrooms).[6][7] In 1908 the store opened up a 5-story extension at the back, fronting on Hill Street. The architect was Theodore Eisen.[8]

Flagship store construction

As Los Angeles continued to grow, so did Robinson's business and in 1914 it announced its construction of a new $1,000,000, (~$ in ) seven-story flagship store with over nine acres (400000 sqft) of floor space, along the south side of West Seventh Street stretching alone the complete block between Grand and Hope streets. Frederick Noonan and William J. Dodd were the architects.[9] The store opened on September 7, 1915.[10] The building was expanded to the south in 1923 at a cost of $900,000 (~$ in ), Dodd and Richard, architects, for a total of 623700 sqft.[11] In 1934, the building was remodeled for between $100,000 (~$ in )–200,000 to a "restrained Modernistic" exterior, shedding some its more exuberant Art Deco features and adding more parking facilities. Robinson's was the largest store of what became a new upscale Seventh Street shopping district to the southwest of the concentration of department stores along Broadway, with Ville de Paris (later B. H. Dyas), Coulter's, Haggarty's, and Desmond's opening stores nearby.[12] The Robinson's store closed in 1993 and the building, 600 West Seventh Street, currently houses telecommunications (voice, data and internet servers), offices and ground-floor retail.

The store contained the following departments:

  • First (ground) floor: ribbons, parasols, umbrellas, laces and trimmings, lace neckwear, feather boas, ceilings, gloves, handkerchiefs, fancy boas, fancy hairpins and combs, jewelry, leather goods, stationery, men's furnishings, boys' furnishings and clothing, "bargain square"
  • Second floor: art needlework, linens, sheetings, wash goods, linings, silk dress good patterns, ladies' restrooms, design room, beauty parlors and shoe shining dept.
  • Third floor: cloak and suit for misses and ladies, French room for imported gowns and hats, baby shop for fine layette materials and outfitting, mourning goods, children's dresses, petticoats, blouses, millinery, sweaters, bathing suits, kimono, bathrobes, house dresses, corsets, knit underwear, muslin underwear and aprons
  • Fourth floor: rugs, draperies, pictures, brasses, statuary, cut glass, art porcelains and toys
  • Fifth floor: offices, auditorium, alteration dept. and workrooms
  • Sixth floor: hospital and reserve stockroom
  • Seventh floor. employee cafeteria, two outdoor "courts", women's employee restroom, large "court" and lounge for men
  • Seventh/top floor: roof garden and café

Acquisition by ADG and expansion

Associated Dry Goods (ADG) bought Robinson's in 1955 (the term used by CEO Edward R. Valentine in the press was that Robinson's "affiliated with" ADG.) At that time the chain's sales were $32.5 million annually, with $12 million coming from the Beverly Hills branch.[13][14][15]

Unlike competitors Bullock's, Desmond's, I. Magnin and Silverwoods, in the 1930s and 1940s, Robinson's did not establish branches in the outlying upscale retail districts such as Wilshire Boulevard, Pasadena, or Westwood, except for a small Palm Springs shop at the Desert Inn that was originally a Bullock's.[13] Only starting in 1952 did it open its first of what would become about 30 branches, in Beverly Hills (see below).

The second Robinson's store was opened in Beverly Hills in 1952 near the corner of Wilshire Boulevard at Santa Monica Boulevard, across a courtyard from the Beverly Hilton Hotel (1953). A small Mid-Century modern style "open in winter only" store followed in Palm Springs. A store on Colorado Boulevard in Pasadena followed. The store in Pasadena was the last free standing store as the concept of the shopping mall began to take off. The first stores adjacent or connected to shopping malls opened in Panorama City in the San Fernando Valley (late 1950s), Anaheim Plaza, on upper State Street in Santa Barbara (1960s), and Glendale. The Santa Barbara store and the Newport Beach stores in malls, but essentially free standing buildings. By the time J.W. Robinson's was dissolved into Robinson's-May there were almost 30 stores across Southern California from San Diego to Palm Desert to Santa Barbara.

Associated Dry Goods (ADG), a group of independently operated department store chains, bought Robinson's in 1957.

Acquisition by May and conversion to Robinsons-May

May Department Stores bought Associated Dry Goods and with it, Robinson's, in 1986. In 1989, May dissolved its Scottsdale, Arizona-based Goldwaters division, folding it into Robinson's, and its Phoenix-area stores were rebranded as Robinson's.

In 1992, May combined Robinson's and May Company California into a single brand, Robinsons-May.[16] The Robinson's stores became, like the former May Co. locations, mid-range department stores, which market research firm NPD Group characterized as having an "identity crisis" because "they tried to be something for everyone and ended up being nothing for anyone". Federated Department Stores (which had bought Macy's in 1994 and changed its name in 2007 to Macy's, Inc.) bought May Department Stores in 2005. Robinson's-May was dissolved in 2005–6, and the former Robinson's stores were closed, sold, or turned into Macy's or Bloomingdale's branches.[17]

Stores

California and Arizona Robinson's stores at merger with May Co. into Robinsons-May, 1992-3[18][19]

Expansions

Japan

In addition, just before the acquisition by May, it had also cooperated with Ito-Yokado to form Robinson's Japan, with one location in Kasukabe, Saitama. In 2009, Robinson's Japan was acquired by Seven & I Holdings Co.

Robinson's Florida

Starting in 1972 ADG borrowed the Robinson's name to open a separate division of department stores, Robinson's of Florida, on Florida's Gulf Coast and Orlando, based in St. Petersburg, Florida. It had been founded in the 1970s as an attempt by ADG to emulate its upscale J. W. Robinson's' stores on the fast-growing Florida Gulf Coast. This newly created division grew to 10 locations. May sold this division in 1987 to Maison Blanche.[35][36] Seven of the former Robinson's of Florida locations were subsequently sold by Maison Blanche to Dillard's* in 1991 while the other three became Gayfers** (which in turn was bought out by Dillard's in 1998).

See also

References

  1. Nine Acres Space in Robinson Store Los Angeles Evening Express, May 30, 1914^
  2. Advertisement by J. W. Robinson Co. Los Angeles Times, 12 March 1933, retrieved 3 May 2019^
  3. Advertisement by N. B. Blackstone Co. Los Angeles Times, 8 May 1898, retrieved 3 May 2019^
  4. Left All Some Money: A San Francisco Merchant Who Remembered His Employees: The Late C.W.R. Ford, Who Died at Los Angeles, Bequeaths $200 to Each of His Former Clerks San Francisco Examiner, 10 April 1896, retrieved 3 May 2019^
  5. 239 S Broadway · 239 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90012^
  6. The Boston Dry Goods Store Los Angeles Times, 1 January 1895, retrieved 3 May 2019^
  7. The New Boston Store:Los Angeles' Finest Commercial Structure Is Complete Los Angeles Herald, 4 October 1895^
  8. Advertisement for J. W. Robinson Company Boston Dry Goods Store Los Angeles Evening Post-Record, September 30, 1908^
  9. "Steam Shovels Scooping Out Dirt At Site Of Big Store", Los Angeles Times, May 24, 1914^
  10. Great Palace For Commerce: Robinson's Mammoth Store Opens Tuesday Los Angeles Times, September 5, 1915, retrieved May 3, 2019^
  11. "Department Store Addition Now Rising Into Space", Los Angeles Times, 11 January 1923^
  12. "Store Building To Be Changed", Los Angeles Times, 4 February 1934^
  13. Robinson's to Join N.Y. Store Group Los Angeles, 6 July 1955, retrieved 3 May 2019^
  14. J. W. Robinson's advertisement in the Los Angeles Times, 6 July 1955, p.27^
  15. Hinshilwood. Old Los Angeles and Pasadena Arcadia Publishing, 2001^
  16. George White. Robinson's, May Co. to Merge Stores: Economy: Twelve Southland locations will close and 550 people will be laid off in the cost-cutting move Los Angeles Times, October 17, 1992^
  17. Valli Herman. With Robinsons-May stores closing, few midrange department stores are left. Is shopping becoming polarized? Yes, and no. Los Angeles Times, 6 August 2005^
  18. "Department stores and apparel speciality store sales", 1982^
  19. 18 Oct 1992, Page 48 - Los Angeles Times at Newspapers.com, 1992-10-18, retrieved 2022-06-05^
  20. Sam Watters. Robinsons-May Beverly Hills: A shopping icon that may drop Los Angeles Times, March 14, 2009^
  21. Chris Nichols. A Look Back at Robinson's as the Glamorous Beverly Hills Store is Demolished Los Angeles magazine, July 23, 2014^
  22. Matt Stevens. Demolition of famed Beverly Hills department store begins Los Angeles Times, July 23, 2014^
  23. "Robinson's celebrating 75th anniversary", Desert Sun (Palm Springs, CA), January 9, 1958^
  24. Gavin Murphy. World Market Plan Dies Desert Sun (Palm Springs, CA), October 28, 1988^
  25. Where to CAMP Out at Modernism Week in Palm Springs 11 February 2020^
  26. Robinson's Pasadena Store to Open Today Los Angeles Times, May 12, 1958^
  27. Pasadena Target, retrieved June 7, 2020^
  28. "Panorama City Store Opened by Robinson's", Los Angeles Times, June 28, 1961^
  29. "The J.W. Robinson Co., Los Angeles", The Department Store Museum^
  30. Glendale Fashion Center Has Anniversary Los Angeles Times, May 18, 1975^
  31. Andrew Pridgen. Historic department store in wealthy California town to be demolished SFGate, 2 February 2025, retrieved 5 February 2025^
  32. Joshua Molina. Macy's Building Set for Demolition After Report Finds No Historical Significance Noozhawk, 28 January 2025, retrieved 5 February 2025^
  33. Robinson's to Open on Monday in Santa Anita Fashion Park^
  34. Robinson's Brea opening The Los Angeles Times, 16 May 1991^
  35. Sarasota Herald-Tribune – Google News Archive Search^
  36. Miami Herald: Search Results^