In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litigation

Overview

In re: the Walt Disney Company Derivative Litigation

court	Supreme Court of Delaware
decidedate	June 8, 2006
citations	906 A.2d 27 (Del. 2006)
holding	Affirmed: the Court of Chancery made no errors of fact or law in finding that the defendants did not commit waste or breach fiduciary duties.
number of judges	5
chiefjudge	Myron T. Steele
associatejudges	Randy J. Holland, Carolyn Berger, Jack B. Jacobs, Henry du Pont Ridgely
docket	No. 411, 2005

In re Walt Disney Derivative Litigation, 907 A 2d 693 (2005) is a U.S. corporate law case concerning the scope of the duty of care under Delaware law. Disney is the leading case on executive compensation.[2][3]

Background

The factual history

The Walt Disney Company appointed Michael Ovitz as executive president and director in 1995.[4] He had founded Creative Artists Agency, a premier Hollywood talent finder. He had an income of $20m. Michael Eisner, the chairman, wanted him to join Disney in 1995, and negotiated with him on compensation, led by Disney compensation committee chair Irwin Russell.

Judgment of the Court of Chancery

Chancellor Chandler noted that the case was about the fiduciary duties that the defendants had toward shareholders, and that the business judgment rule granted a presumption (that the plaintiffs would have to overcome) that decisions like the hiring and firing of Ovitz did not breach any duties.[7] The plaintiffs essentially needed to show that Disney had acted with gross negligence or bad faith, and the Court of Chancery ruled that they had not done so. Chancellor Chandler came to this conclusion despite a number of problems with the conduct of the defendants: "As I will explain in painful detail hereafter, there are many aspects of defendants' conduct that fell significantly short of the best practices of ideal corporate governance... What follows is my judgment on whether each director of The Walt Disney Company fulfilled his or her obligation to act in good faith and with honesty of purpose under the unusual facts of this case." After reviewing what each member of the board of directors and all the relevant executives had done, Court of Chancery ruled that:

Chandler was critical of the conduct of many at Disney, including CEO Michael Eisner, who he said had 'enthroned himself as the omnipotent and infallible monarch of his personal Magic Kingdom'. Under the standards of business law, however, they had acted in good faith, with a subjective belief that they were right and that they were acting in the company's best interests.

As points of comparison, Chandler said that in Smith v. Van Gorkom (a case where a company was found liable for breaching fiduciary duties) the sale for $735m of TransUnion was much more significant to the company than Ovitz's hiring here, and TransUnion had absolutely no documentation before it when it considered the merger agreement. The compensation committee here was provided with a term sheet for all the key points of the employment contract. TransUnion's senior management completely opposed the merger, but here everyone saw hiring Ovitz as a 'boon for the Company'.[8]

1) Michael Ovitz did not breach his duty of loyalty.

2) The defendants did not commit waste.

3) Ovitz's hiring was neither grossly negligent nor in bad faith.

4) Ovitz's firing was neither grossly negligent nor in bad faith.

Appeal to the Supreme Court of Delaware

The plaintiffs appealed, but the Supreme Court of Delaware affirmed the decision of the Court of Chancery.[9] Justice Jacobs of the Delaware Supreme Court wrote the opinion for the court, and there were no dissents. Jacobs grouped the various allegations on appeal into two categories: claims against Ovitz and claims against the Disney defendants. As this was an appeal, the Supreme Court would accept the factual findings of the Court of Chancery unless they were "clearly wrong", and it would review questions of law de novo. In general, the Court found nothing wrong with the lower court's analysis or findings of fact.

With respect to one argument in particular, that Disney's board failed to exercise due care in approving Ovitz's compensation, the Court reiterated that companies did not have to adhere to "best practices" in all cases:

"In our view, a helpful approach is to compare what actually happened here to what would have occurred had the committee followed a 'best practices' (or 'best case') scenario, from a process standpoint. In a 'best case' scenario, all committee members would have received, before or at the committee's first meeting on September 26, 1995, a spreadsheet or similar document prepared by (or with the assistance of) a compensation expert (in this case, Graef Crystal). Making different, alternative assumptions, the spreadsheet would disclose the amounts that Ovitz could receive under the OEA [Ovitz's employment agreement] in each circumstance that might foreseeably arise. One variable in that matrix of possibilities would be the cost to Disney of a non-fault termination for each of the five years of the initial term of the OEA. The contents of the spreadsheet would be explained to the committee members, either by the expert who prepared it or by a fellow committee member similarly knowledgeable about the subject. That spreadsheet, which ultimately would become an exhibit to the minutes of the compensation committee meeting, would form the basis of the committee's deliberations and decision.

Had that scenario been followed, there would be no dispute (and no basis for litigation)...

The compensation committee members derived their information about the potential magnitude of an NFT [non-fault termination] payout from two sources. The first was the value of the 'benchmark' options previously granted to Eisner and Wells and the valuations by Watson of the proposed Ovitz options. Ovitz's options were set at 75% of parity with the options previously granted to Eisner and to Frank Wells...

The committee's second source of information was the amount of 'downside protection' that Ovitz was demanding. Ovitz required financial protection from the risk of leaving a very lucrative and secure position at CAA, of which he was a controlling partner, to join a publicly held corporation to which Ovitz was a stranger, and that had a very different culture and an environment which prevented him from completely controlling his destiny. The committee members knew that by leaving CAA and coming to Disney, Ovitz would be sacrificing 'booked' CAA commissions of $150 to $200 million...

It is on this record that the Chancellor found that the compensation committee was informed of the material facts relating to an NFT payout."

In re Walt Disney Co. Derivative Litigation

Background

The factual history

Context

Judgment of the Court of Chancery

Appeal to the Supreme Court of Delaware

See also

External links

References