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GSAT

The GSAT (Geosynchronous Satellite)[1] series is a family of Indian communications satellites, indigenously developed and operated by the ISRO. The prorgamme was initiated in the early 2000s to create indigenous, multi-purpose, geostationary spacecrafts capable of supporting India's growing needs in telecommunications, broadcasting, broadband, emergency management, reconnaissance and navigation. The programme was supported by the development of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle.

GSAT satellites include a total of 168 transponders (out of which 95 are leased out to provide services to broadcasters), and operate primarily in C, Extended C, Ku, Ka, S and L bands, with payload configurations tailored for civilian, commercial, and strategic needs. The development of both GSAT satellites and the GSLV launch system represents India's transition from dependence on foreign-built INSAT spacecraft to self-reliant national communications capability. As of 21 November 2025, 27 GSAT satellites manufactured by ISRO have been launched, out of which 20 are in service and six more being planned.

History

The GSAT programme began as part of ISRO's efforts to supplement the aging Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) fleet and reduce reliance on leased transponders from foreign satellites. Early missions of GSAT-1 (2001) and GSAT-2 (2003) were launched to test indigenous bus designs, power systems and communication payloads.

Between 2004 and 2020, ISRO launchd numerous GSAT satellites with varied roles including direct-to-home broadcasting support, tele-education and tele-medicine, high-throughput broadband, navigation augmentation for aviation, dedicated military communication.

Recent missions focus on high-bandwidth Ka band systems, secure strategic communication and navigation augmentation under GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation (GAGAN). Several satellites use advanced I-2K, I-3K and 1-6K satellite bus platforms designed for long life and high payload capacity.

Launched

The following is a list of launched GSAT satellites and their status. As of 2025, there were 27 GSAT launches with 20 of them being operational.

Planned

The following is a list of six planned GSAT launches.

Statistics

Launches by year

Launches by rocket

Launches by country

See also

External links

References

  1. ISRO GeoStationary Satellites isro.org^
  2. GSAT 1 NASA, 16 August 2013, retrieved 6 January 2014^
  3. GSAT 2 NASA, 16 August 2013, retrieved 6 January 2014^
  4. GSat 5 (Insat 4D) Gunter's Space Page, 29 March 2017, retrieved 22 May 2017^
  5. The second orbit raising operation of GSAT-6A satellite has been successfully carried out by LAM Engine firing for about 53 minutes on March 31, 2018 in the morning. - ISRO retrieved April 5, 2018^
  6. GSAT 7 NASA, 16 August 2013, retrieved 6 January 2014^
  7. Manu Pubby. Navy to buy Rs 1,589 crore satellite from ISRO Economic Times, 18 July 2019, retrieved 18 July 2019^
  8. GSAT 8 NASA, 16 August 2013, retrieved 6 January 2014^
  9. GSAT 10 NASA, 16 August 2013, retrieved 6 January 2014^
  10. GSAT 12 NASA, 16 August 2013, retrieved 6 January 2014^
  11. Ariane 5 delivers DIRECTV-14 and GSAT-16 to orbit on Arianespace's latest mission success retrieved 7 December 2014^
  12. Annual Report 2015-2016 Indian Space Research Organisation, December 2015^
  13. GSAT-18 launched successfully on board Ariane-5 from Kourou in French Guiana 2016-10-06, retrieved 2016-10-06^
  14. Now, ISRO successfully puts GSAT-19 satellite in orbit with GSLV Mk-III The New Indian Express, 5 June 2017, retrieved 5 June 2017^
  15. SpaceX launches communications satellite for India mynews13.com, retrieved 2024-11-20^
  16. SpaceX launches India's GSAT-N2 satellite on Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral – Spaceflight Now retrieved 2024-11-20^
  17. Falcon 9 Block 5 - GSAT-20 Next Spaceflight, retrieved 2 January 2024^
  18. ISRO successfully launches the GSAT-29 satellite from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota on Wednesday Bangalore Mirror, Nov 14, 2018, retrieved 2025-11-21^
  19. India's communication satellite GSAT-30 launched successfully ISRO, retrieved 17 January 2020^
  20. India's 40th Communication Satellite, GSAT-31, Launched NDTV, retrieved 6 February 2019^
  21. Military communication satellite for Indian Army approved Deccen Herald, 22 March 2022, retrieved 22 March 2022^
  22. Defence ministry clears proposal for GSAT-7C satellite for IAF: A look at other military satellites in India Firstpost, 24 November 2021, retrieved 24 November 2021^
  23. Chethan Kumar. Space PSU NSIL to launch 4 more demand-driven communication satellites The Times of India, 5 October 2021, retrieved 8 October 2021^