History
In the late 1990s in Japan, several Japanese video game developers, including Treasure, Quintet, Sting Entertainment, and Game Arts, joined forces and established Game Developers Network (GD-NET). The purpose of GD-NET was to establish mutual assistance with one another. As the video game market in Japan began growing in size, the costs for developers to produce games for consoles was also rising.[1] Members of GD-NET did not have the same financial backing like larger companies did, and believed that creating healthy relationships between them would increase their chances of surviving the industry landscape of the time.[2] Companies under the network proposed a plan that would allow them to focus their resources on game development instead of production and promotion of their titles.[1][3]
GD-NET members established Entertainment Software Publishing (ESP) in November 1997.[4] Youichi Miyaji, the president and CEO of Game Arts, was appointed president of the company. ESP was funded by many game studios, including Japan Art Media, CSK Research Institute, and Onion Soft, as well as most of the companies that were part of GD-NET.[5][6] Additional funding was provided by CSK Holdings, the parent company of Sega.[7][3] GD-NET members would create and produce games, while ESP would handle marketing, sales, and promotion of these games.[4][8] GD-NET members believed that ESP would allow them to gain more recognition within the industry, as companies such as Sega, Nintendo, and Sony Computer Entertainment would have taken credit for their works when they were published.
One of ESP's first hits was Grandia for the PlayStation and Sega Saturn.[9] Developed by Game Arts, Grandia was released in 1997[10] to critical acclaim.[11] Treasure's Saturn conversion of the arcade game Radiant Silvergun was also released to acclaim for its gameplay and mechanics,[12] and is cited among the best and most influential shoot'em up games created.[13][14][15] Slayers Royal and its follow-up Slayers Royal 2, both based on the Slayers
In 1998, Sega discontinued production of the Sega Saturn in Europe and North America amidst poor sales.[17] While the Saturn was still being sold in Japan, Sega largely abandoned the system in favor of the Dreamcast, which it released the same year.[18] As such, ESP began to shift its publishing operations from Saturn to Dreamcast and other consoles like the Nintendo 64. It published Bangai-O for the latter console in 1999, which while critically successful was produced in limited quantities out of concern over its niche appeal.[19][20] ESP commonly participated in the Tokyo Game Show and other major video game events in the country, where they regularly presented their more popular titles such as Silhouette Mirage. ESP also began publishing games for the PlayStation 2, which had become the best-selling video game console in Japan and outsold the Dreamcast by a wide margin.[21][22]
In 2002, ESP was acquired by Game Arts and became the latter's publishing division.[24] In 2004, ESP was purchased by D3 Publisher, a Japanese video game studio best known for its Simple series of budget games.[25][26] D3 purchased 100% of ESP's stock for a total of 120 million yen. ESP's track record and lineup of commercially successful games was the reason for the acquisition.[26] In addition to publishing other developer's titles for systems like the PlayStation 2 and Nintendo DS, ESP also began developing its own games such as Hajime no Ippo Portable Victorious Spirits for the PlayStation Portable.[27] ESP co-published several Japanese massively multiplayer online games as well.[28]
On 1 April 2010, ESP and D3 Publisher were merged into the latter's parent holding company, D3 Inc., wherein both ESP and D3 Publisher were dissolved, while D3 Inc. was renamed D3 Publisher.[24][32] The year prior, D3 Inc. had been majority-acquired by Namco Bandai Games.[33][34][35]
