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Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company

Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company was a British bridge works and structural steel contractor based in Darlington.[1]

It built various structures including the Victoria Falls Bridge, Tees Transporter Bridge, Forth Road, Humber Bridge and Tsing Ma Bridge.[3]

In 1967, the company was acquired by The Cementation Company, which was then bought by Trafalgar House. In 1990, it merged with Redpath Dorman Long, another Trafalgar subsidiary, to create Cleveland Structural Engineering. In 2000, it was bought by management backed by Saudi Arabian interests. However, legal disputes on projects such as The Shard and Wembley Stadium pushed the Darlington business into administration and the business closed in 2021.[2]

History

Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company was founded in 1877 in Darlington with a capital of £10,000.[1] Seven years later, the assets were sold to Charles Frederick Dixon, who registered the company on a Stock Exchange in 1893. By 1913, it had 600 employees.[4]

During 1967, the company was acquired by The Cementation Company.[5] Three years later, Trafalgar House purchased Cementation; it also acquired Redpath Dorman Long from Dorman Long Group in 1982, after which the two subsidiaries were merged in 1990 to create Cleveland Structural Engineering.[6] That business was renamed Kvaerner Cleveland Bridge following acquisition of Trafalgar House by Kværner in 1996.[1][7]

During 1999, it was reported that Kværner intended to sell the business amid a wider restructuring away from heavy manufacturing activities; at the time, the company employed roughly 600 staff following a series of job losses.[8][9] Despite appeals for financial assistance being made to the British government, it refused to intervene in the matter.[10] One year later, the company became independent through a management buyout that involved a payment of $12.3 million.[11] In addition to the UK-based operations, the same management team also acquired the company's Dubai subsidiary that had been established in 1978. Saudi Arabia's Al Rushaid Group provided finance to the firm which rose to an 88.5% stake by September 2002.[12]

Throughout the 2000s and 2010s, the company's headcount varied considerably, often rising soon after the awarding of key contracts to the business.[13] It undertook activities including road and railway schemes, and contributed to major construction projects such as The Shard and Wembley Stadium.[14]

Final years

In July 2021, Cleveland Bridge sought further funding from Al Rushaid Group and warned 220 staff of potential redundancies. That same month, the firm was reported to be on the brink of administration as a result of contract delays and negative economic consequences that were partially attributable to COVID-19.[15][16]

Al Rushaid Group did not provide the requested resources; instead, FRP was appointed as the company's administrator and the business was put up for sale.[17][18] Consequently, 51 workers were made redundant in August 2021.[19] Around 25 staff continued to assist FRP, and 128 staff were furloughed under the Coronavirus Jobs Retention Scheme pending restart of production.[20][21]

FRP was ultimately unable to secure a buyer for the business. Accordingly, on 10 September 2021, it announced the company would permanently close with the loss of a further 133 jobs.[2][22] FRP stated £12m would be required to fund the business to the end of 2021. The company assets were sold off in November 2021.[23][24]

Controversies

2016 death and HSE fine

In 2022, Cleveland Bridge & Engineering was fined £1.5 million by the Health and Safety Executive, with a further cost judgement of £29,000 against them. An inadequately secured crane access panel gave way in a 2016 fatal fall. The fine related to four breaches of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 leading to the death. FRP stated it was unlikely the fine or costs could be paid.[25][26]

The Shard

In 2013, Cleveland Bridge was ordered to pay Severfield-Rowen plc £824,478 compensation for delays to their subcontracted work on The Shard. The judge accepted there was a very high incidence of poor workmanship in the steelwork Cleveland Bridge delivered. Cleveland Bridge's own internal correspondence highlighted an extraordinary work overload in 2010, and Judge Akenhead concluded it had taken on more work than it had capacity.[27][28]

Wembley Stadium

In 2002, the company won a £60 million steelwork contract for the bowl of New Wembley Stadium.[12] Part way through construction, relationships between main contractor Multiplex and Cleveland Bridge broke down. Multiplex stripped Cleveland Bridge of their erection role, handing it to roof steelwork contractor Hollandia. Two hundred of Cleveland Bridge's on site erection staff and subcontractors transferred to Hollandia and were sacked after going on strike. The situation escalated when Cleveland Bridge unilaterally repudiated its remaining stadium fabrication contract.[29][30]

Both sides blamed each other for extra costs; delays; poor workmanship; missing or incorrect steelwork; damaged, missing or incorrect paintwork; chaotic record-keeping; and state of the near site stock yards. Litigation ensued and Cleveland Bridge was ultimately ordered to pay Multiplex £6,154,246.79 in respect of net earlier overpayments; breach of contract, and interest. Cleveland Bridge was also ordered to pay 20% of Multiplex's legal costs.[31][29] It was claimed, in evidence, that some Wembley steelwork had been fabricated in China for Cleveland Bridge and that it had been diverted to the Beijing National Stadium.[29]

Mr Justice Jackson's 2008 judgement in the Technology and Construction Court was highly critical of both parties unwillingness to settle earlier in such an expensive case where the core evidence extended to over 500 lever arch files, and photocopying costs alone were £1 million. He highlighted the large number of items at dispute where the sums involved were substantially exceeded by the legal costs involved in resolving them.[29]

Notable bridges

See also

British Constructional Steelwork Association

Severfield

William Hare Group

Dorman Long

Rowecord Engineering

External links

References

  1. History Cleveland Bridge Ltd^
  2. Aaron Morby. Cleveland Bridge to close as hunt for buyer fails Construction Enquirer, 10 September 2021, retrieved 10 September 2021^
  3. M.H. Ellison. Wayback Machine – Newcastle University – A to Z Cleveland Bridge Structures 27 May 2003, retrieved 15 May 2022^
  4. Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co – Graces Guide Graces Guide, retrieved 15 May 2022^
  5. Dick O'Driscoll. 100 Years of Cementation Skanska, retrieved 15 December 2013^
  6. Duncan Leatherdale. Dorman Long: The Teesside firm that bridged the world BBC News, 3 October 2015^
  7. Michael Harrison. Kvaerner ousts chief as debt pile grows The Independent, 14 October 1998^
  8. Terry Macalister. Kvaerner to sell off top British bridge-builder The Guardian, 14 April 1999^
  9. Andrew Mylius. Kvaerner sells Cleveland Bridge New Civil Engineer, 15 April 1999^
  10. David Hayward. Sale looms for Cleveland Bridge as Government refuses aid New Civil Engineer, 22 April 1999^
  11. Cleveland Group Receives Substantial Investment from Al Rushaid clevelandbridge.com, 21 September 2000^
  12. Buying into Success – Al Rushaid Investment Group Increases Stake in Cleveland Bridge Group clevelandbridge.com, September 2002^
  13. Cleveland Bridge wins Forth Bridge contract BBC News, 17 December 2012^
  14. Dave Rogers. Cleveland Bridge set to end nearly 150 years of business and close later this month building.co.uk, 9 September 2021^
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  16. Cleveland Bridge on brink of collapse The Construction Index, 22 July 2021, retrieved 22 July 2021^
  17. Aaron Morby. Administrator puts Cleveland Bridge up for sale Construction Enquirer, 22 July 2021, retrieved 23 July 2021^
  18. 'Flagbearer' Cleveland Bridge put up for sale The Construction Index, 23 July 2021, retrieved 23 July 2021^
  19. Tiya Thomas-Alexander. Cleveland Bridge staff angry as a quarter are made redundant Construction News, retrieved 5 August 2021^
  20. Aaron Morby. 53 jobs axed at Cleveland Bridge Construction Enquirer, 4 August 2021, retrieved 5 August 2021^
  21. Tim Clark. Cleveland Bridge: Six iconic projects the steel specialist has worked on New Civil Engineer, 22 July 2021^
  22. Cleveland Bridge: Covid and political coup caused firm's failure BBC News, 15 September 2021^
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  24. New owner reveals future of huge Darlington Cleveland Bridge factory The Northern Echo, 9 September 2022^
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  27. Thirsk firm wins £800,000 from rival Darlington and Stockton Times, 9 January 2013, retrieved 2 June 2022^
  28. FOR A SUCCESSFUL DELAY CLAIM – ACTUAL PROOF OF DELAY IS NEEDED – NOT MERELY INFERENCE bdasweb.com, retrieved 26 June 2024^
  29. Multiplex Constructions (UK) Ltd v Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd & Anor [2008] EWHC 2220 (TCC) bailii.org, British and Irish Legal Information Institute, 29 September 2008, retrieved 16 April 2012^
  30. Sacked workers in Wembley protest BBC News, 1 September 2004, retrieved 16 April 2012^
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  54. Keith Wallis. Tsing Ma milestone reached South China Morning Post, 25 October 1994^
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