Catalyst Brands LLC was formed in 2025 by the merger of SPARC Group and JCPenney.[1][2]
Copper Retail JV LLC is a business entity formed by and under the control of Simon Property Group and Brookfield Property Partners, and Copper Bidco LLC.[3] In December 2024, Copper Retail JV acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of SPARC Group Holdings. The acquisition brought together Copper's existing investment in department store icon JCPenney and the newly acquired operations of specialty retail brands Aéropostale, Brooks Brothers, Lucky Brand Jeans, and Nautica.[4]