AST SpaceMobile — BrandWiki

AST SpaceMobile

Overview

AST SpaceMobile, Inc.

num employees
type	Public
traded as	nasdaq: ASTS (Class A) Russell 1000 component
industry	Space
founded	2017
hq location city	Midland, Texas
hq location country	U.S.
key people	Abel Avellan (CEO)‡R1R‡ Scott Wisniewski (President) ‡R1R‡ Andrew Johnson (CFO and CLO)‡R2R‡‡R3R‡ Dr. Huiwen Yao (CTO)‡R4R‡ Chris Ivory (CCO) ‡R1R‡ Shanti Gupta (COO) ‡R1R‡
services	Space-based cellular connectivity

AST SpaceMobile, Inc. is a publicly traded satellite designer and manufacturer based in Midland, Texas, United States.[6][7] The company is building the SpaceMobile satellite constellation, a space-based cellular broadband network designed to connect directly to standard, unmodified smartphones. The network is intended to deliver 4G and 5G broadband coverage globally, particularly in remote and underserved regions.[8]

Its BlueWalker 3 prototype and BlueBird commercial satellites are reported as among the largest commercial communications arrays in low Earth orbit after their respective launches and unfoldings in 2022 and 2024.[9][10] The company's 2023 demonstrations included voice and data connections between standard smartphones and its BlueWalker 3 satellite.

num employees year	2024

website	ast-science.com

BlueBird satellites

BlueBirds 1–5

In March 2022, AST SpaceMobile announced a multi-launch contract with SpaceX to launch its first BlueBird operational satellite.[74][75] AST SpaceMobile has stated that it plans to produce up to six BlueBird satellites per month at two manufacturing sites in Midland, Texas.[76][77] The company attributed delays in the deployment schedule of its first operational Block 1 BlueBird satellites to supply chain issues and price increases.[78] On September 12, 2024, the company launched all five satellites with its BlueBird 1–5 mission aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.[79] Hundreds of AST SpaceMobile's retail investors attended the mission's launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida. On October 4, 2024, Avellan announced the first of the mission's Block 1 satellites had unfolded “ahead of schedule.”[80] By October 25, the company stated all five satellites had completely unfolded.[81]

BlueBird 6

On November 14, 2024, AST SpaceMobile announced a launch campaign for its next-generation Block 2 BlueBird satellites. The company revealed plans to utilize multiple launch providers, including Blue Origin's forthcoming New Glenn rocket, SpaceX's launch vehicles, and those operated by ISRO. This initiative aims to deploy up to 60 Block 2 BlueBird satellites, each equipped with a communication array spanning approximately 2,400 square feet (223 square meters). These satellites are designed to achieve data transmission speeds of up to 120 Mbit/s, enabling voice, data, and video communication capabilities for end users.[82][83]

AST SpaceMobile's next-generation Block 2 BlueBird satellites are more than three times larger than the previous Block 1 BlueBirds with 10 times the data capacity.[84]

On 23 December 2025, BlueBird 6 was successfully launched into orbit by India's ISRO on a LVM3 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre with the mission designation LVM3-M6. According to ISRO, BlueBird 6, weighing in at 6,100 kilograms, was the heaviest payload that the LVM3 has ever launched into LEO.

BlueBird 7

BlueBird 7 is a next-generation communications satellite developed by AST SpaceMobile. It was launched on 19 April 2026 aboard a New Glenn rocket into low Earth orbit. The satellite is part of the company's Block 2 BlueBird series and is designed to support a space-based cellular broadband network providing direct-to-device connectivity (4G/5G) to standard smartphones. BlueBird 7 features one of the largest commercial communications arrays ever deployed in orbit (about 2,400 sq ft).[86][87] The achieved orbit is not adequate for intended operations. It will be de-orbited.[88]

List of BlueBird satellites

Licenses

In April 2020, AST & Science LLC petitioned the Federal Communications Commission for permission to operate a constellation of 243 communications satellites in 16 orbital planes at altitudes between 725 and 740 km.[93]

In October 2020, NASA filed a letter with the FCC during the public-comment period related to this petition to express concerns about the risk of collisions between the SpaceMobile satellite constellation and the A-train satellite constellation, due to the proposed orbital altitude for SpaceMobile as well as the size and scale of the SpaceMobile project.[94][95][96][97] In November 2020, NASA submitted a second letter to the FCC to revise its original stance as a result of AST SpaceMobile's demonstrated interest in collaborating with NASA to mitigate risks.[98] In its second letter, NASA stated that technical concerns "need not preclude the issuance of the requested license" and that NASA had no concern with the license being granted.[99] Three United States Senators and one United States Congressman also filed letters with the FCC in support of SpaceMobile.[100]

United States wireless provider AT&T has partnered with AST SpaceMobile in a joint effort to provide satellite-based wireless service to remote areas of its coverage area.[101][102][103] AT&T filed a letter with the FCC in support of the petition for a license to operate in the United States, while AT&T's major competitors T-Mobile and Verizon initially asked the FCC to deny such a license.[100] In May 2024, it was announced that Verizon had become an investor and strategic partner of AST SpaceMobile.[104] AST SpaceMobile later revealed it would use “a segment” of both AT&T and Verizon's 850 MHz spectrum to support 100% geographic coverage within the United States.[105]

In May 2022, the FCC granted AST SpaceMobile an experimental license to connect to the BlueWalker 3 satellite.[106] In August 2024, the FCC authorized the company to launch and operate the frequencies required to support the initial BlueBird 1–5 satellite mission, including gateway, feeder link, and telemetry, tracking, and control operations. As of November 2024, the FCC has not yet decided if AST SpaceMobile can operate in terrestrial cellular frequencies and enable the company to provide commercial satellite-to-cell services.[107]

In January 2025, the FCC granted AST SpaceMobile Special Temporary Authority to test its services with BlueBirds 1–5 using AT&T and Verizon spectrum in the U.S., followed by authorization in April 2025 to test on Band 14 spectrum for FirstNet, supporting first responder and public safety communications.[108]

On August 29, 2025, the FCC authorized AST SpaceMobile to deploy an additional 20 satellites and to perform telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) operations.[109]

On June 13, 2025, AST SpaceMobile was granted long-term access to 45 MHz of premium lower mid-band spectrum in the U.S. and Canada, including 40 MHz of L-Band Mobile Satellite Service spectrum and 5 MHz in the 1670–1675 MHz band. This agreement secures spectrum access for up to 80 years and is part of ongoing arrangements with spectrum holders to enable commercial satellite-to-cellular service.[110]

Impact on astronomy

The SpaceMobile constellation has drawn criticism for its potential contribution to light pollution in the night sky, as well as radio-frequency interference with certain telescopes that operate outside of the visible light spectrum.[56][111]

Observations of BlueWalker 3 were obtained after it unfolded into a large flat-panel shape in November 2022. The measurements indicate that the fully deployed satellite is very bright and usually approaches first magnitude when it is near the zenith.[112]

Follow-up observations revealed three deep but temporary periods of reduced brightness. The dimming was attributed to a change in the orientation of the flat-panel needed in order to boost solar power generation.[113] This finding indicated that the satellite operator can reduce the luminosity of their constellation and mitigate its adverse impact on astronomy by making a small adjustment to the spacecraft orientation.

Additional criticism was focused on the proliferation of similar satellites being developed by AST SpaceMobile which – as a group – could have a deleterious impact to the science of astronomy.[114] Notes the New York Times, "they create bright trails and an ambient glow in the sky that can destroy astronomical images and obscure fainter celestial objects that would otherwise be visible to the naked eye."[56]

In response to these concerns, AST SpaceMobile entered into a formal coordination agreement with the National Science Foundation to address potential impacts on ground-based astronomy.[115] The company has committed to implementing several mitigation measures, including the development of advanced surface coatings designed to reduce sunlight reflection, strategic satellite orientation adjustments during critical observation periods, and provision of high-precision orbital data to observatories at accelerated refresh rates to enable avoidance scheduling.[116][117] In contrast to satellite constellations that plan to deploy thousands of spacecraft, AST SpaceMobile intends to provide global coverage using approximately 90 satellites equipped with large antenna arrays.[118]

Radio frequency coordination and interference mitigation

AST SpaceMobile submitted a modification application to the FCC Space Bureau on June 20, 2025, seeking authority to use the 430–440 MHz band for satellite telemetry, tracking, and command.[119] This filing prompted significant opposition from the amateur radio community, with the ARRL and several IARU member societies lodging objections and the proceeding drawing well over 2,400 public submissions.[120][121]

In response to these concerns, AST SpaceMobile revised its frequency usage plans. It withdrew an earlier proposal to use the 400–410 MHz band for TT&C and instead requested restricted access to the 430–440 MHz band. The revised request limited use to non-routine TT&C operations during launch and early orbit phase (LEOP) or emergency situations, and only when other frequencies are unavailable.[122]

AST SpaceMobile received a limited grant from the Bureau on August 29, 2025, that permits use of 430–440 MHz for TT&C only during emergencies, for periods not exceeding 24 hours, and only for a defined set of additional satellites.

AST SpaceMobile

History

BlueWalker satellites

BlueWalker 1

BlueWalker 3

List of BlueWalker satellites

BlueBird satellites

BlueBirds 1–5

BlueBird 6

BlueBird 7

List of BlueBird satellites

Licenses

Impact on astronomy

Radio frequency coordination and interference mitigation

See also

External links

References

Space safety and orbital debris mitigation